Rull J, Prokopy R J
Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01300, USA.
Bull Entomol Res. 2000 Feb;90(1):77-88.
Adults of apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) of differing physiological states were marked and released in blocks of apple trees ringed by sticky red spheres. Spheres were either unbaited, baited with butyl hexanoate (synthetic host fruit odour) or baited with both butyl hexanoate and ammonium carbonate (synthetic food odour). All trap and lure treatments were compared in the presence or absence of food (bird faeces) in the blocks. Simultaneously, the response of wild immigrant flies to treatments was measured and wild females were dissected to determine state of ovary development. Large proportions (25-40%) of released mature male and female R. pomonella were recovered in blocks having traps baited with butyl hexanoate. Ammonium carbonate did not enhance trap captures and presence of food had little effect on response to synthetic odours by mature R. pomonella. Immature flies of each sex responded weakly to traps and to both types of synthetic lures and may have been arrested in blocks having food. Wild flies of both sexes exhibited a response pattern very similar to mature released flies, regardless of eggload (in the case of wild females). Results indicate that wild R. pomonella immigrating into apple orchards are primarily mature, and not hungry for protein. Behavioural control strategies are discussed in that context.
对处于不同生理状态的苹果实蝇Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh)成虫进行标记，并释放到用红色粘性球体环绕的苹果树林块中。球体要么不设诱饵，要么用己酸丁酯（合成寄主果实气味）设诱饵，要么用己酸丁酯和碳酸铵（合成食物气味）设诱饵。在林块中存在或不存在食物（鸟粪）的情况下，对所有诱捕器和诱饵处理进行比较。同时，测量野生迁入蝇对处理的反应，并解剖野生雌蝇以确定卵巢发育状态。在设有用己酸丁酯设诱饵的诱捕器的林块中，回收了很大比例（25 - 40%）释放的成熟苹果实蝇雌雄个体。碳酸铵并未增加诱捕器捕获量，食物的存在对成熟苹果实蝇对合成气味的反应影响很小。每种性别的未成熟蝇对诱捕器和两种合成诱饵的反应都很弱，可能被困在了有食物的林块中。无论卵负载情况如何（对于野生雌蝇而言），两种性别的野生蝇都表现出与释放的成熟蝇非常相似的反应模式。结果表明，迁入苹果园的野生苹果实蝇主要是成熟的，且不缺乏蛋白质。在此背景下讨论了行为控制策略。
