Kravitz D A, Klineberg S L
Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA.
J Appl Psychol. 2000 Aug;85(4):597-611. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.597.
Houston-area Whites (n = 414), Blacks (n = 392), American-born Hispanics (n = 162), and Hispanic immigrants (n = 177) evaluated a self-defined "typical" affirmative action plan (AAP) and a tiebreak AAP that applies under conditions of equal qualifications and underrepresentation. Whites preferred Tiebreak; Blacks and Hispanics preferred the typical AAP. The groups differed in beliefs about the procedures and fairness of affirmative action (AA), perceptions of workplace discrimination, and political orientations. Perceived fairness predicted support for both AAPs in all American-born groups, but the impact of other predictors varied greatly across AAPs and ethnic groups. The results clarify the bases for Whites' opposition to AA as they construe it. The results also underscore the importance of specifying the AAP procedures, of uncovering the predictors of AA attitudes among target-group members, and of conducting separate analyses in each ethnic community.
休斯顿地区的白人（n = 414）、黑人（n = 392）、美国出生的西班牙裔（n = 162）和西班牙裔移民（n = 177）对一个自行定义的“典型”平权行动计划（AAP）以及一个在资格平等和代表性不足情况下适用的决胜平权行动计划进行了评估。白人更喜欢决胜计划；黑人和西班牙裔更喜欢典型的平权行动计划。这些群体在关于平权行动（AA）的程序和公平性的信念、对职场歧视的看法以及政治取向上存在差异。感知到的公平性预测了所有美国出生群体对两种平权行动计划的支持，但其他预测因素的影响在不同的平权行动计划和族裔群体中差异很大。结果阐明了白人反对他们所理解的平权行动的依据。结果还强调了明确平权行动计划程序、揭示目标群体成员中平权行动态度的预测因素以及在每个族裔社区进行单独分析的重要性。
