Vicient C M, Kalendar R, Anamthawat-Jónsson K, Schulman A H
Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Plant Genomics Laboratory, Viikki Biocenter, Finland.
Genetica. 1999;107(1-3):53-63.
The BARE-1 retrotransposon is a major, active component of the genome of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and other Hordeum species. Copia-like in its organization, it consists of 1.8-kb long terminal repeats bounding an internal domain of 5275 bp which encodes a predicted polyprotein of 1301 residues. The polyprotein contains the key residues, structural motifs, and conserved regions associated with retroviral and retrotransposon GAG, aspartic proteinase, integrase, reverse transcriptase, and RNaseH polypeptides. BARE-1 is actively transcribed and translated. As part of our effort to understand the evolution and function of BARE-1, we have examined its copy number and localization. Full-length members of the BARE-1 family constitute 2.8% of the barley genome. Globally, they are dispersed throughout the genome, excepting the centromeric, telomeric, and NOR regions. Locally, BARE-1 occurs more commonly in repetitive DNA than in coding regions, forming clusters of nested insertions. Both barley and other Hordeum genomes contain a high proportion of BARE-1 solo LTRs. New techniques have been developed which exploit the insertion site polymorphism generated by BARE-1 integration to produce molecular markers for breeding, biodiversity, and mapping applications.
BARE-1逆转座子是大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）及其他大麦属物种基因组中的一个主要活性成分。其结构类似Copia，由1.8kb的长末端重复序列界定一个5275bp的内部区域，该区域编码一个由1301个残基组成的预测多蛋白。该多蛋白包含与逆转录病毒和逆转座子的GAG、天冬氨酸蛋白酶、整合酶、逆转录酶及核糖核酸酶H多肽相关的关键残基、结构基序和保守区域。BARE-1可被积极转录和翻译。作为我们了解BARE-1进化和功能工作的一部分，我们研究了它的拷贝数和定位。BARE-1家族的全长成员占大麦基因组的2.8%。在全基因组范围内，它们散布于整个基因组中，但着丝粒、端粒和核仁组织区除外。在局部区域，BARE-1在重复DNA中比在编码区更常见，形成嵌套插入的簇。大麦和其他大麦属基因组都含有高比例的BARE-1单独长末端重复序列。已经开发出了新技术，利用BARE-1整合产生的插入位点多态性来生成用于育种、生物多样性和作图应用的分子标记。
