Köckerling F, Schug-Pass C, Weskott H P, Tatchen R
Chirurgische Klinik, Klinikum Hannover-Siloah.
Zentralbl Chir. 2000;125(7):616-23.
Depending on the results of the diagnostic work-up of a hepatobiliary tumour, the further therapeutic strategy may vary appreciably. The data needed to decide whether a malignant growth is resectable or not include information on the nature, size and location of the tumour, the number of lesions presenting, extrahepatic tumour-related manifestations, the individual hepatic anatomy and additional liver diseases. Despite the recent technical advances, the various diagnostic imaging procedures all have their limitations; used in combination, however, they can provide adequate information in 90-100% of the cases. The most important of these procedures are ultrasonography and spiral CT--including the use of contrast agents--and in some cases also MRT. Thanks to the topographic information they provide, the three-dimensional methods are gaining popularity. While angiography, scintigraphy and ERCP are useful supplementary methods, they do not suffice for the primary diagnosis. In some cases, intra-operative diagnosis may make necessary a change in the planned therapeutic procedure. The limitations and possibilities of the diagnostic strategy--which in no small part is also codetermined by the patient's prehistory and the experience of the examiner--are discussed.
根据肝胆肿瘤诊断检查的结果,进一步的治疗策略可能会有显著差异。决定恶性肿瘤是否可切除所需的数据包括肿瘤的性质、大小和位置、出现的病变数量、肝外肿瘤相关表现、个体肝脏解剖结构以及其他肝脏疾病。尽管最近技术有所进步,但各种诊断成像程序都有其局限性;然而,联合使用时,它们能在90%至100%的病例中提供足够的信息。其中最重要的程序是超声检查和螺旋CT(包括使用造影剂),在某些情况下还有磁共振成像(MRT)。由于它们提供的地形信息,三维方法越来越受欢迎。虽然血管造影、闪烁扫描和内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)是有用的辅助方法,但它们不足以进行初步诊断。在某些情况下,术中诊断可能需要改变计划好的治疗程序。本文讨论了诊断策略的局限性和可能性,而这在很大程度上也由患者的既往病史和检查者的经验共同决定。