Krubitzer L, Huffman K J
Center for Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA.
Brain Behav Evol. 2000 Jun;55(6):322-35. doi: 10.1159/000006667.
The neocortex is composed of areas that are functionally, anatomically and histochemically distinct. In comparison to most other mammals, humans have an expanded neocortex, with a pronounced increase in the number of cortical areas. This expansion underlies many complex behaviors associated with human capabilities including perception, cognition, language and volitional motor responses. In the following review we consider data from comparative studies as well as from developmental studies to gain insight into the mechanisms involved in arealization, and discuss how these mechanisms may have been modified in different lineages over time to produce the remarkable degree of organizational variability observed in the neocortex of mammals. Because any phenotype is a result of the complex interactions between genotypic influences and environmental factors, we also consider environmental, or epigenetic, contributions to the organization of the neocortex.
新皮层由功能、解剖和组织化学上不同的区域组成。与大多数其他哺乳动物相比，人类的新皮层有所扩展，皮层区域数量显著增加。这种扩展是许多与人类能力相关的复杂行为的基础，包括感知、认知、语言和意志性运动反应。在以下综述中，我们考虑了比较研究和发育研究的数据，以深入了解区域化过程中涉及的机制，并讨论这些机制如何随着时间的推移在不同谱系中发生改变，从而产生哺乳动物新皮层中观察到的显著程度的组织变异性。由于任何表型都是基因型影响和环境因素之间复杂相互作用的结果，我们还考虑了环境或表观遗传对新皮层组织的贡献。
