Dotterud L K, Odland J O, Falk E S
Department of Dermatology, Tromsø University, Norway.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2000 Mar;14(2):107-11. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2000.00027.x.
Previous studies have shown lower prevalence of atopic diseases among adults and school-children in Eastern Europe.
To compare the prevalence of atopic diseases among adults in two geographically related arctic areas, Nikel, Russia and Sør-Varanger, Norway. Nikel is a heavily polluted town on the Kola Peninsula.
The prevalence of eczema, asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) was assessed using two identical questionnaire studies. The study in Sør-Varanger was conducted in the autumn of 1991 and comprised 1102 adults. In the spring of 1994, 3368 adults in Nikel completed the 4-page questionnaire. Results The lifetime prevalence of atopic diseases was significantly higher in Sør-Varanger than in Nikel (25.2% vs. 11.2%; P < 0.001), most pronounced for eczema (15.9% vs. 5.9%; P < 0.001) and AR (10.3% vs. 5.6%; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of asthma between the two areas (5.6% vs. 4.9%; RR 1.1). Indoor dampness, carpeted floors and outdoor pollution were found to be significantly higher in Nikel than in Sør-Varanger (P < 0.0001). Smoking habits were different in the two areas.
Atopic diseases in Sør-Varanger were more than twice that found in Nikel. Western lifestyle and new building techniques resulting in poorly ventilated homes may be the main reasons for these differences. Other factors, such as differences in seeking medical help for physical complaints and in the social and political environment, are also suggested.
先前的研究表明，东欧成年人和学童中特应性疾病的患病率较低。
比较俄罗斯镍城和挪威南瓦朗厄尔这两个地理位置相关的北极地区成年人中特应性疾病的患病率。镍城是科拉半岛上一个污染严重的城镇。
使用两项相同的问卷调查评估湿疹、哮喘和变应性鼻结膜炎（AR）的患病率。南瓦朗厄尔的研究于1991年秋季进行，包括1102名成年人。1994年春季，镍城的3368名成年人完成了这份4页的问卷。结果：南瓦朗厄尔特应性疾病的终生患病率显著高于镍城（25.2%对11.2%；P<0.001），在湿疹（15.9%对5.9%；P<0.001）和AR方面最为明显（10.3%对5.6%；P<0.001）。两个地区哮喘患病率无显著差异（5.6%对4.9%；RR 1.1）。发现镍城的室内潮湿、铺有地毯的地板和室外污染显著高于南瓦朗厄尔（P<0.0001）。两个地区的吸烟习惯不同。
南瓦朗厄尔特应性疾病的患病率是镍城的两倍多。西方生活方式和新建筑技术导致房屋通风不良可能是造成这些差异的主要原因。还提出了其他因素，如对身体不适寻求医疗帮助的差异以及社会和政治环境的差异。
