Deater-Deckard Kirby, O'Connor Thomas G
U Oregon.
Dev Psychol. 2000 Sep;36(5):561-570. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.36.5.561.
Parent-child dyadic mutuality (shared positive affect, responsiveness, and cooperation) is an important component of family socialization processes. This study sought to extend previous research on mutuality by using a quantitative genetic design to examine between- and within-family variations (e.g., sibling differences) and gene-environment processes. The first study included 125 pairs of identical and same-sex fraternal 3-year-old twins. Observations of mutuality and parents' and observers' ratings of family environment and child behavior were gathered. Greater mutuality was associated with higher socioeconomic status. Moderate sibling similarity in parent-child mutuality was accounted for by child genetic similarity, suggesting evocative gene-environment correlation and nonshared environmental processes. These findings were replicated in a 2nd study of 102 pairs of adoptive and biological siblings.
亲子二元相互性（共享积极情感、反应性和合作）是家庭社会化过程的一个重要组成部分。本研究试图通过使用定量遗传设计来扩展先前关于相互性的研究，以检验家庭间和家庭内的差异（如同胞差异）以及基因-环境过程。第一项研究包括125对3岁的同卵双胞胎和同性异卵双胞胎。收集了关于相互性的观察数据以及父母和观察者对家庭环境和儿童行为的评分。更高的相互性与更高的社会经济地位相关。亲子相互性中适度的同胞相似性可由儿童基因相似性来解释，这表明存在唤起性基因-环境相关性和非共享环境过程。这些发现在对102对收养同胞和亲生同胞的第二项研究中得到了重复。
