O'Connor T G, Croft C M
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
Child Dev. 2001 Sep-Oct;72(5):1501-11. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00362.
The degree to which individual differences in child-parent attachment were mediated by genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental influences was investigated. One hundred and ten preschool-aged twin pairs (N = 220) were assessed in the Strange Situation and coded using conventional four-way classifications and a continuous measure of attachment security. The degree of sibling similarity in attachment was substantial, with an overall concordance rate of 67% at the secure/insecure level. The degree of concordance was equally high in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, 70% and 64%, respectively, suggesting little genetic influence but a moderate degree of discordance. Twin similarity on the continuous measure of attachment security was r(57) = .48 and r(53) = .38 for monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, respectively, also consistent with a modest role for genetic influence but a significant effect for shared and nonshared environment. The implications for genetic influences on the environment and for understanding nonshared and shared environmental influences are discussed.
本研究调查了亲子依恋中个体差异受遗传、共享环境和非共享环境影响的程度。对110对学龄前双胞胎（N = 220）进行了陌生情境测试，并采用传统的四分法分类以及依恋安全性的连续测量进行编码。兄弟姐妹在依恋方面的相似程度较高，在安全/不安全水平上的总体一致率为67%。同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎在这方面的一致程度同样较高，分别为70%和64%，这表明遗传影响较小，但不一致程度适中。在依恋安全性的连续测量上，同卵双胞胎和异卵双胞胎的相似性分别为r(57) = .48和r(53) = .38，这也与遗传影响作用不大但共享和非共享环境有显著影响相一致。文中还讨论了遗传对环境的影响以及理解非共享和共享环境影响的意义。
