Long M V, Martin P
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000 Sep;55(5):P311-9. doi: 10.1093/geronb/55.5.p311.
This study examined the effects of personality, attachment, and dimensions of family solidarity on the loneliness of oldest old adults (i.e., 85 years and older) and their adult children. Parent-child dyads were formed with data collected from 100 parents and their children. Results from path analyses indicated that oldest old adults' loneliness was reduced by affection both for and from their children. Although an anxious personality decreased affection, perceptions of attachment to children increased feelings of affection. In addition, parents and children who had anxious personalities were more likely to be lonely, whereas loneliness was decreased for those with an extraverted personality. Children's loneliness also was decreased by association with their parents and by the quality of their friendships. Perceptions of childhood attachment to parents increased current affection and association with and fulfillment of parents' expectations.
本研究考察了个性、依恋以及家庭团结维度对高龄老年人（即85岁及以上）及其成年子女孤独感的影响。通过收集100对父母及其子女的数据组成亲子二元组。路径分析结果表明，高龄老年人对子女的爱以及来自子女的爱都能减少他们的孤独感。尽管焦虑型人格会减少爱意，但对子女的依恋感会增强爱意。此外，具有焦虑型人格的父母和子女更易感到孤独，而外向型人格的人孤独感会降低。与父母的联系以及友谊质量也能减少子女的孤独感。对童年时期与父母依恋关系的认知会增强当前的爱意、与父母的联系以及对父母期望的满足感。
