Smith R P, Gitau R, Glover V, Fisk N M
Department of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Centre for Fetal Care, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Goldhawk Rd, W6 0XG, London, UK.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2000 Sep;92(1):161-5. doi: 10.1016/s0301-2115(00)00441-3.
Invasive diagnostic and therapeutic techniques are increasingly applied to the fetus. It is not known if the fetus feels pain during such procedures, but the fetus does mount significant stress hormonal and circulatory changes in response to these from 18-20 weeks. Perinatal stress may have long-term neurodevelopmental implications. During open fetal surgery, maternal general anaesthesia provides fetal anaesthesia. However, in closed procedures, fetal analgesia presents difficulties. The optimal drug, dose, and route of administration remain to be determined.
侵入性诊断和治疗技术越来越多地应用于胎儿。目前尚不清楚胎儿在这些操作过程中是否会感到疼痛，但从18至20周起，胎儿确实会对这些操作产生显著的应激激素和循环系统变化。围产期应激可能对神经发育有长期影响。在开放性胎儿手术中，母体全身麻醉可使胎儿麻醉。然而，在闭合性操作中，胎儿镇痛存在困难。最佳药物、剂量和给药途径仍有待确定。
