Araoz P A, Mulvagh S L, Tazelaar H D, Julsrud P R, Breen J F
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Radiographics. 2000 Sep-Oct;20(5):1303-19. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.20.5.g00se121303.
Benign primary cardiac neoplasms are rare but may cause significant morbidity and mortality. However, they are usually treatable and can often be diagnosed with echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Myxomas typically arise from the interatrial septum from a narrow base of attachment. Fibroelastomas are easily detected at echocardiography as small, mobile masses attached to valves by a short pedicle. Cardiac fibromas manifest as a large, noncontractile, solid mass in a ventricular wall at echocardiography and as a homogeneous mass with soft-tissue attenuation at CT. They are usually homogeneous and hypointense on T2-weighted MR images and isointense relative to muscle on T1-weighted images. Paragangliomas usually appear as large, echogenic left atrial masses at echocardiography and as circumscribed, heterogeneous masses with low attenuation at CT. These tumors are usually markedly hyperintense on T2-weighted MR images and iso- or hypointense relative to myocardium on T1-weighted images. Cardiac lipomas manifest at CT as homogeneous, low-attenuation masses in a cardiac chamber or in the pericardial space and demonstrate homogeneous increased signal intensity that decreases with fat-saturated sequences at T1-weighted MR imaging. Cardiac lymphangiomas manifest as cystic masses at echocardiography and typically demonstrate increased signal intensity at T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging. Familiarity with these imaging features and with the relative effectiveness of these modalities is essential for prompt diagnosis and effective treatment.
原发性心脏良性肿瘤罕见，但可导致严重的发病和死亡。然而，它们通常是可治疗的，且常可通过超声心动图、计算机断层扫描（CT）或磁共振（MR）成像进行诊断。黏液瘤通常起源于房间隔，附着基部狭窄。纤维弹性瘤在超声心动图上很容易被检测到，表现为通过短蒂附着于瓣膜的小的可移动肿块。心脏纤维瘤在超声心动图上表现为心室壁上的大的、无收缩性的实性肿块，在CT上表现为软组织密度均匀的肿块。它们在T2加权MR图像上通常均匀且信号强度低，在T1加权图像上相对于肌肉呈等信号。副神经节瘤在超声心动图上通常表现为左心房的大的、回声增强的肿块，在CT上表现为边界清晰、密度不均匀的低衰减肿块。这些肿瘤在T2加权MR图像上通常明显高信号，在T1加权图像上相对于心肌呈等信号或低信号。心脏脂肪瘤在CT上表现为心腔内或心包腔内均匀的低密度肿块，在T1加权MR成像上表现为均匀的信号强度增加，脂肪饱和序列可使其信号强度降低。心脏淋巴管瘤在超声心动图上表现为囊性肿块，在T1加权和T2加权MR成像上通常表现为信号强度增加。熟悉这些影像学特征以及这些检查方法的相对有效性对于及时诊断和有效治疗至关重要。
