Fein H G, Rivlin R S
Med Clin North Am. 1975 Sep;59(5):1133-45. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)31963-0.
Thyroid hormones generally stimulate erythropoiesis. These agents also increase erythrocyte 2,3-DPG concentrations, which serve to enhance the delivery of oxygen to tissues. In the absence of thyroid hormones, anemia frequently develops and may be normocytic, hypochromic-microcytic, or macrocytic. Anemia is an uncommon finding in hyperthyroidism but when present may be morphologically similar to that observed in hypothyroidism. Pernicious anemia has been strongly associated with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroiditis. Complete correction of anemia often requires restoration of thyroid function as well as specific hematinic therapy. Continued attention to hematologic status is essential in the management of patients with thyroid diseases.
甲状腺激素通常会刺激红细胞生成。这些物质还会增加红细胞2,3-二磷酸甘油酸（2,3-DPG）的浓度，这有助于增强氧气向组织的输送。在缺乏甲状腺激素的情况下，贫血经常发生，可能是正细胞性、低色素性小细胞性或大细胞性贫血。贫血在甲状腺功能亢进症中并不常见，但如果出现，其形态学表现可能与甲状腺功能减退症中观察到的相似。恶性贫血与甲状腺功能减退症、甲状腺功能亢进症和甲状腺炎密切相关。贫血的完全纠正通常需要恢复甲状腺功能以及进行特定的补血治疗。在甲状腺疾病患者的管理中，持续关注血液学状态至关重要。
