Korte F, Kvesitadze G, Ugrekhelidze D, Gordeziani M, Khatisashvili G, Buadze O, Zaalishvili G, Coulston F
Durmishidze Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of Georgia, Digomi, Tbilisi, 380059, Georgia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2000 Sep;47(1):1-26. doi: 10.1006/eesa.2000.1929.
Organic xenobiotics absorbed by roots and leaves of higher plants are translocated by different physiological mechanisms. The following pathways of xenobiotic detoxication have been observed in higher plants: conjugation with such endogenous compounds as peptides, sugars, amino acids, and organic acids; oxidative degradation and consequent oxidation of xenobiotics with the final participation of their carbon atoms in regular cell metabolism. The small parts of xenobiotics are excreted maintaining their original structure and configuration. Enzymes catalyze oxidative degradation of xenobiotics from the initial hydroxylation to their deep oxidation. The wide intracellular distribution and inductive nature of oxidative enzymes lead to the high detoxication ability. With plant aging, transformation of the monooxygenase system into peroxidase takes place. Once in the cells, xenobiotics are incorporated into different cell organelles. All xenobiotics examined are characterized by a negative effect on cell ultrastructure. The penetration of high doses of xenobiotics into plant cells leads to significant deviations from the norm and, in some cases, even to the complete cell destruction and plant death.
高等植物的根和叶吸收的有机外源性物质通过不同的生理机制进行转运。在高等植物中已观察到以下外源性物质解毒途径：与肽、糖、氨基酸和有机酸等内源性化合物结合；氧化降解以及随后外源性物质的氧化，其碳原子最终参与正常细胞代谢。小部分外源性物质以其原始结构和构型排出。酶催化外源性物质从最初的羟基化到深度氧化的氧化降解。氧化酶广泛的细胞内分布和诱导特性导致了高解毒能力。随着植物衰老，单加氧酶系统会转化为过氧化物酶。外源性物质一旦进入细胞，就会被整合到不同的细胞器中。所有检测的外源性物质都对细胞超微结构有负面影响。高剂量外源性物质进入植物细胞会导致显著偏离正常状态，在某些情况下，甚至会导致细胞完全破坏和植物死亡。
