Gray P, Hildebrand K
Parkinson's Clinic, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
J Neurosci Nurs. 2000 Aug;32(4):222-8. doi: 10.1097/01376517-200008000-00006.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, gait disturbance, and postural instability. Patients with PD suffer frequent falls, yet little research has been done to identify risks specific to PD patients. The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with falls for PD patients through the collection of demographic, environmental, and medical information as well as fall diaries completed during a 3-month period. Patients with a diagnosis of idiopathic PD, with and without falls, were included in the study provided they could stand and walk and had no other condition that could predispose them to falls. Of the 118 participants, 59% reported one or more falls. A total of 237 falls were reported. Duration and severity of PD symptoms, particularly freezing, involuntary movements, and walking and postural difficulties, were significantly associated with an increased risk of falls. Other factors associated with falls were postural hypotension and daily intake of alcohol. Forty percent of falls resulted in injury, but serious injury was rare. The findings have implications for reducing the risk of falls through patient education.
帕金森病（PD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征为震颤、僵硬、运动迟缓、步态障碍和姿势不稳。帕金森病患者经常跌倒，但针对识别帕金森病患者特有的风险所做的研究很少。本研究的目的是通过收集人口统计学、环境和医学信息以及在3个月期间完成的跌倒日记，来确定与帕金森病患者跌倒相关的风险因素。诊断为特发性帕金森病的患者，无论有无跌倒，只要能够站立和行走且没有其他易导致跌倒的疾病，均纳入本研究。在118名参与者中，59%报告有一次或多次跌倒。共报告了237次跌倒。帕金森病症状的持续时间和严重程度，特别是冻结现象、不自主运动以及行走和姿势困难，与跌倒风险增加显著相关。与跌倒相关的其他因素是体位性低血压和每日饮酒量。40%的跌倒导致受伤，但严重受伤很少见。这些发现对于通过患者教育降低跌倒风险具有重要意义。
