Gazmararian J A, Petersen R, Spitz A M, Goodwin M M, Saltzman L E, Marks J S
USQA Center for Health Care Research, Atlanta, Georgia 30339, USA.
Matern Child Health J. 2000 Jun;4(2):79-84. doi: 10.1023/a:1009514119423.
Despite the scope of violence against women and its importance for reproductive health, very few scientific data about the relationship between violence and reproductive health issues are available.
The current knowledge base for several issues specific to violence and reproductive health, including association of violence with pregnancy, pregnancy intention, contraception use, pregnancy terminations, and pregnancy outcomes, are reviewed and suggestions are provided for future research.
Despite the limitations of current research and some inconclusive results, the existing research base clearly documents several important points: (1) violence occurs commonly during pregnancy (an estimated 4%-8% of pregnancies): (2) violence is associated with unintended pregnancies and may be related to inconsistent contraceptive use; and (3) the research is inconclusive about the relationship between violence and pregnancy outcomes.
Improved knowledge of the risk factors for violence is critical for effective intervention design and implementation. Four areas that need improvement for development of new research studies examining violence and reproductive-related issues include (1) broadening of study populations, (2) refining data collection methodologies, (3) obtaining additional information about violence and other factors, and (4) developing and evaluating screening and intervention programs. The research and health care communities should act collaboratively to improve our understanding of why violence against women occurs, how it specifically affects reproductive health status, and what prevention strategies may be effective.
尽管针对妇女的暴力行为范围广泛且对生殖健康至关重要，但关于暴力与生殖健康问题之间关系的科学数据却非常少。
回顾了当前关于暴力与生殖健康特定若干问题的知识库，包括暴力与妊娠、妊娠意愿、避孕措施使用、终止妊娠及妊娠结局的关联，并为未来研究提供了建议。
尽管当前研究存在局限性且部分结果尚无定论，但现有研究基础明确记录了几个要点：（1）孕期暴力行为普遍存在（估计4% - 8%的妊娠）；（2）暴力与意外妊娠相关，且可能与避孕措施使用不一致有关；（3）暴力与妊娠结局之间的关系研究尚无定论。
更好地了解暴力的风险因素对于有效干预措施的设计和实施至关重要。在开展有关暴力与生殖相关问题的新研究时，需要改进的四个方面包括：（1）扩大研究人群；（2）完善数据收集方法；（3）获取关于暴力及其他因素的更多信息；（4）开发和评估筛查及干预项目。研究和医疗保健界应共同努力，以增进我们对针对妇女的暴力行为为何发生、如何具体影响生殖健康状况以及哪些预防策略可能有效的理解。
