Pallitto Christina C, O'Campo Patricia
Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2005 May;60(10):2205-16. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.10.017. Epub 2004 Dec 18.
Violence against women, especially by intimate partners, is a serious public health problem that is associated with physical, reproductive, and mental health consequences. The effect of intimate partner violence on women's ability to control their fertility and the mechanisms through which these phenomena are related merit further investigation. Building on findings from a previous analysis in which a statistically significant relationship between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in Colombia was found, this analysis examines the effect of gender inequality on this association using data from the 2000 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey. Specifically, the objective of this analysis is to explore whether gender inequality (as measured by women's autonomy, women's status, male patriarchal control, and intimate partner violence) in municipalities partially explains the association between intimate partner violence and unintended pregnancy in Colombia. Results of logistic regression analysis with multi-level data show that living in a municipality with high rates of male patriarchal control significantly increased women's odds of having an unintended pregnancy by almost four times. Also, living in a municipality with high rates of intimate partner violence increased one's odds of unintended pregnancy by more than 2.5 times, and non-abused women living in municipalities with high rates of intimate partner violence were at a significantly increased risk of unintended pregnancy. In addition, abused women living in a municipality with high personal female decision-making autonomy had more than a fourfold increased risk of having an unintended pregnancy. These findings demonstrate the need for reproductive health programs to target areas at particularly high risk for unintended pregnancy by reducing intimate partner violence and gender inequality.
针对妇女的暴力行为，尤其是来自亲密伴侣的暴力，是一个严重的公共卫生问题，会对身体、生殖和心理健康产生影响。亲密伴侣暴力对妇女控制生育能力的影响以及这些现象之间的关联机制值得进一步研究。基于之前一项分析的结果（该分析发现哥伦比亚亲密伴侣暴力与意外怀孕之间存在统计学上的显著关系），本分析使用2000年哥伦比亚人口与健康调查的数据，研究性别不平等对这种关联的影响。具体而言，本分析的目的是探讨各市的性别不平等（以妇女自主权、妇女地位、男性父权控制和亲密伴侣暴力来衡量）是否能部分解释哥伦比亚亲密伴侣暴力与意外怀孕之间的关联。对多层次数据进行逻辑回归分析的结果表明，生活在男性父权控制率高的市，妇女意外怀孕的几率显著增加近四倍。此外，生活在亲密伴侣暴力发生率高的市，意外怀孕的几率增加超过2.5倍，而且生活在亲密伴侣暴力发生率高的市的未受虐待妇女意外怀孕的风险也显著增加。此外，生活在个人女性决策自主权高的市的受虐待妇女意外怀孕的风险增加了四倍多。这些发现表明，生殖健康项目有必要通过减少亲密伴侣暴力和性别不平等，针对意外怀孕风险特别高的地区。
