Zimmermann U, Mimietz S, Zimmermann H, Hillgärtner M, Schneider H, Ludwig J, Hasse C, Haase A, Rothmund M, Fuhr G
Universität Würzburg, Germany.
Biotechniques. 2000 Sep;29(3):564-72, 574, 576 passim. doi: 10.2144/00293rv01.
Many diseases are closely tied to deficient or subnormal metabolic and secretory cell functions. Milder forms of these diseases can be managed by a variety of treatments. However, it is often extremely difficult or even impossible to imitate the moment-to-moment fine regulation and the complex roles of the hormone, factor or enzyme that is not sufficiently produced by the body. Immunoisolated transplantation is one of the most promising approaches to overcome the limitations of current treatments. Non-autologous (transformed) cell lines and allogeneic and xenogeneic cells/tissues that release the therapeutic substances are enclosed in immunoprotective microcapsules. The microcapsules avoid a lifetime of immunosuppressive therapy while excluding an immune response in the host. Research in this direction has shown the feasibility of microcapsules based on hydrogels (particularly of alginate) for transplantation of non-autologous cells and tissue fragments. Numerous technical accomplishments of the immunoisolation method have recently made possible the first successful long-term clinical applications. However, realizing the potential of immunoisolated therapy requires the use of several factors that have received limited attention in the past but are important for the formulation of hydrogel-based immunoisolation systems that are highly versatile, potentially economical and can gain medical approval.
许多疾病与代谢和分泌细胞功能不足或低于正常水平密切相关。这些疾病的较轻形式可以通过多种治疗方法进行控制。然而，要模拟身体分泌不足的激素、因子或酶的即时精细调节及其复杂作用往往极其困难，甚至不可能。免疫隔离移植是克服当前治疗局限性最有前景的方法之一。释放治疗物质的非自体（转化）细胞系以及同种异体和异种细胞/组织被包裹在免疫保护微胶囊中。这些微胶囊避免了终身免疫抑制治疗，同时排除了宿主中的免疫反应。这一方向的研究表明，基于水凝胶（特别是藻酸盐）的微胶囊用于非自体细胞和组织碎片移植是可行的。免疫隔离方法的众多技术成就最近使得首次成功的长期临床应用成为可能。然而，要实现免疫隔离疗法的潜力，需要使用一些过去受到关注有限但对构建高度通用、可能经济且能获得医学批准的基于水凝胶的免疫隔离系统很重要的因素。
