Schito G C, Debbia E A, Marchese A
Institute of Microbiology, University of Genoa Medical School, Italy.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2000 Jul;46 Suppl T1:3-9. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jac.a020891.
The Alexander Project was established in 1992 to examine the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract bacterial pathogens to a range of compounds. Since then it has expanded both geographically and in the number of antimicrobial agents tested. Within Europe, the most recent data have confirmed that the prevalence of penicillin resistance among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae is high in France and Spain, with both intermediate (MIC 0.12-1 mg/L) and resistant (MIC > or = 2 mg/L) phenotypes, and combined resistance rates of >50%. Macrolide resistance is increasing generally both among penicillin-resistant and penicillin-susceptible isolates of S. pneumoniae and its prevalence now exceeds that of penicillin resistance, overall (16.5% and 10.4%, respectively, in 1996; 21.9% and 14.1% in 1997; 16.5% and 11.6% in 1998). Beta-lactamase production was the principal mechanism of resistance observed among isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis.
亚历山大项目于1992年设立，旨在研究社区获得性下呼吸道细菌病原体对一系列化合物的抗菌敏感性。自那时起，该项目在地理范围和所检测抗菌药物的数量上均有所扩展。在欧洲，最新数据证实，法国和西班牙的肺炎链球菌分离株中青霉素耐药率很高，同时存在中度（最低抑菌浓度0.12 - 1毫克/升）和耐药（最低抑菌浓度≥2毫克/升）表型，联合耐药率超过50%。肺炎链球菌的青霉素耐药和青霉素敏感分离株中，大环内酯类耐药性总体上都在增加，目前其流行率超过了青霉素耐药率（1996年分别为16.5%和10.4%；1997年为21.9%和14.1%；1998年为16.5%和11.6%）。β-内酰胺酶产生是在流感嗜血杆菌和卡他莫拉菌分离株中观察到的主要耐药机制。
