Rollman G B, Gillespie J M
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C2, Canada.
Curr Rev Pain. 2000;4(1):71-81. doi: 10.1007/s11916-000-0012-8.
The temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) comprise a constellation of symptoms affecting the joints and muscles involved in jaw movement. Patients complain of orofacial pain, limited jaw opening, and clicking or popping sounds. Although pain is generally the defining characteristic of TMD, patients often report marked degrees of stress and interference in daily life. This article reviews recent studies on epidemiology, sex differences, pediatric TMD, classification systems, comparisons to other chronic pain disorders of uncertain etiology, psychological assessment, depression, central modulation and hypervigilance, sleep disturbances, stress, and the management of TMD by conservative physical interventions and cognitive behavioral therapy. Both the assessment and the management of TMD requires a multidisciplinary perspective with strong emphasis on psychosocial variables.
颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMDs）是一系列影响下颌运动相关关节和肌肉的症状。患者会抱怨口面部疼痛、张口受限以及弹响或喀啦声。尽管疼痛通常是TMD的主要特征，但患者常报告有明显程度的压力以及对日常生活的干扰。本文综述了近期关于流行病学、性别差异、儿童TMD、分类系统、与其他病因不明的慢性疼痛疾病的比较、心理评估、抑郁、中枢调节与过度警觉、睡眠障碍、压力以及通过保守物理干预和认知行为疗法对TMD进行管理的研究。TMD的评估和管理都需要多学科视角，且要高度重视社会心理变量。
