Venzon M, Janssen A, Pallini A, Sabelis MW
Section of Population Biology, University of Amsterdam
Anim Behav. 2000 Sep;60(3):369-375. doi: 10.1006/anbe.2000.1483.
Antipredator behaviour of prey costs time and energy, at the expense of other activities. However, not all predators are equally dangerous to all prey; some may have switched to feeding on another prey species, making them effectively harmless. To minimize costs, prey should therefore invest in antipredator behaviour only when dangerous predators are around. To distinguish these from harmless predators, prey may use cues related to predation on conspecifics, such as odours released by a predator that has recently eaten conspecific prey or alarm pheromones released by attacked prey. We studied refuge use by a herbivorous/omnivorous thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, in response to odours associated with a generalist predatory bug, Orius laevigatus, fed either with conspecific thrips or with other prey. The refuge used by thrips larvae is the web produced by its competitor, the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, where thrips larvae experience lower predation risk because the predatory bug is hindered by the web. Thrips larvae moved into this refuge when odours associated with predatory bugs that had previously fed on thrips were present, whereas odours from predatory bugs that had fed on other prey had less effect. We discuss the consequences of this antipredator behaviour for population dynamics. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
猎物的反捕食行为会消耗时间和精力，从而牺牲其他活动。然而，并非所有捕食者对所有猎物都同样危险；有些捕食者可能已转而捕食其他猎物物种，从而实际上变得无害。因此，为了将成本降至最低，猎物应仅在危险的捕食者出现时才投入反捕食行为。为了将这些捕食者与无害的捕食者区分开来，猎物可能会利用与同种捕食相关的线索，例如最近食用了同种猎物的捕食者释放的气味或受攻击猎物释放的警报信息素。我们研究了草食性/杂食性蓟马西花蓟马对与多食性捕食性蝽类横纹蓟马相关气味的避难所利用情况，横纹蓟马分别以同种蓟马或其他猎物为食。蓟马幼虫使用的避难所是其竞争对手二斑叶螨织出的网，在那里蓟马幼虫面临的捕食风险较低，因为捕食性蝽类会被网阻碍。当存在与此前以蓟马为食的捕食性蝽类相关的气味时，蓟马幼虫会移入这个避难所，而以其他猎物为食的捕食性蝽类产生的气味影响较小。我们讨论了这种反捕食行为对种群动态的影响。版权所有2000动物行为研究协会。
