Melkote S R, Muppidi S R, Goswami D
Department of Telecommunications, Bowling Green State University, OH 43403, USA.
J Health Commun. 2000;5 Suppl:17-27. doi: 10.1080/10810730050019537.
Health communication scholars have tried to understand how individuals process information and have identified the factors that contribute to appropriate behavior change. Some of these theorists have, implicitly or explicitly, assumed that if individuals were provided with the "right" information they would adopt the recommended behavior. Some others have endorsed the need to provide behavioral skills along with information so that individuals are able to carry out the desired behavior. Both approaches, however, are concerned with individual behavior change. Sociodemographic variables like class, gender, and race have seldom figured in sociopsychological analyses in the AIDS context. Limited attention has been paid to the manner in which political, economic, and social variables have constrained or enabled individual behavior related to AIDS. In this article, the various sociopsychological theories/models that inform AIDS prevention are delineated; the sociopsychological approaches in the context of class, race, and gender issues are critiqued; and an analytical framework that integrates behavioral and societal level variables to guide policy interventions is provided.
健康传播学者试图了解个体如何处理信息，并确定了有助于适当行为改变的因素。这些理论家中的一些人，或明或暗地，假定如果向个体提供“正确”信息，他们就会采取推荐的行为。另一些人则认可除信息外还需提供行为技能，以便个体能够实施期望的行为。然而，这两种方法都关注个体行为改变。在艾滋病背景下，社会人口统计学变量，如阶级、性别和种族，很少出现在社会心理学分析中。对于政治、经济和社会变量如何限制或促成与艾滋病相关的个体行为，人们关注有限。在本文中，阐述了为艾滋病预防提供信息的各种社会心理学理论/模型；对阶级、种族和性别问题背景下的社会心理学方法进行了批判；并提供了一个整合行为和社会层面变量以指导政策干预的分析框架。
