Wilson D, Dubley I, Msimanga S, Lavelle L
Psychology Department, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare.
Cent Afr J Med. 1991 Jul;37(7):196-202.
In order to reduce HIV transmission, improved understanding of factors that motivate safer sexual behaviour is needed. The Health Belief Model attempts to explain health-related behaviour, including HIV-preventive behaviour. The association of six elements of this model--AIDS knowledge, perceived susceptibility to HIV infection, perceived effectiveness of HIV-preventive measures, self-efficacy, barriers to behaviour change, accessibility of health care/advice and social support for safer sexual behaviour--to three indices of HIV-related behavioural risk reduction--reduced number of sexual partners, increased consistency of condom use and (among males only) reduced prostitute contact--was examined by self-report inventory among 202 men and 100 women in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Multiple logistic regression identified social support for behaviour change, followed by accessibility of health care/advice, as the most consistent predictors of risk reduction across sex and outcome measures. The remaining predictors were not consistently associated with behaviour change. It is concluded that AIDS campaigns must foster the perception that there is concerted normative support for HIV-related behaviour change and that community and small group, face-to-face AIDS education, which may have more impact on perceived social support than mass media campaigns, must be emphasised.
为了减少艾滋病毒传播，需要更好地理解促使人们采取更安全性行为的因素。健康信念模型试图解释与健康相关的行为，包括预防艾滋病毒的行为。该模型的六个要素——艾滋病知识、对感染艾滋病毒的易感性认知、预防艾滋病毒措施的有效性认知、自我效能感、行为改变的障碍、获得医疗保健/建议的便利性以及对更安全性行为的社会支持——与三个降低艾滋病毒相关行为风险的指标（性伴侣数量减少、避孕套使用的一致性增加以及（仅针对男性）与妓女接触减少）之间的关联，通过对津巴布韦布拉瓦约的202名男性和100名女性进行自我报告问卷调查来进行研究。多元逻辑回归分析确定，行为改变的社会支持，其次是获得医疗保健/建议的便利性，是跨性别和结果指标的风险降低最一致的预测因素。其余预测因素与行为改变没有始终如一的关联。研究得出结论，艾滋病宣传活动必须促使人们认识到存在对与艾滋病毒相关行为改变的一致规范支持，并且必须强调社区和小团体的面对面艾滋病教育，这种教育可能比大众媒体宣传活动对感知到的社会支持有更大影响。
