Frank E, Bendich A, Denniston M
Departments of Family and Preventive Medicine and of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303-3219, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Oct;72(4):969-75. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/72.4.969.
Rates of vitamin-mineral supplement use by US female physicians are unknown but are of particular interest for several epidemiologic and clinical reasons.
The objective was to determine rates of and variations in vitamin-mineral supplement use among US female physicians.
We used data from the Women Physicians' Health Study, a large (n = 4501) national, randomly sampled mail survey of female physicians aged 30-70 y.
Half of the physicians took a multivitamin-mineral supplement; 35.5% of these did so regularly. However, </=33% took any supplement other than calcium and <20% did so regularly. Regular vitamin-mineral supplement use increased with age, and antioxidant intake was higher in those at high risk of heart disease. Those with a history of osteoporosis were nearly 3 times as likely as those with no history to take supplemental calcium regularly. Those who took any supplement regularly also consumed more fruit and vegetables daily than did occasional users or nonusers (P: < 0.0001). Regular users of any supplement also consumed less fat than did occasional users or nonusers (P: < 0.01). Additionally, vegetarians were more likely than were nonvegetarians to regularly consume any supplement (59.9% compared with 46.3%; P: < 0.001) and those who regularly consumed any supplement were more likely to comply with US Preventive Services Task Force guidelines than were those who were occasional users or nonusers (72.4% compared with 66.5% and 60.2%; P: < 0.0001).
Female physicians, particularly those who were especially health conscious or at higher risk of heart disease or osteoporosis, used supplements at rates at least equal to those of women in the general population.
美国女医生使用维生素 - 矿物质补充剂的比例尚不清楚，但出于多种流行病学和临床原因，这一比例备受关注。
旨在确定美国女医生使用维生素 - 矿物质补充剂的比例及差异。
我们使用了来自女医生健康研究的数据，这是一项针对30 - 70岁女医生的大型（n = 4501）全国性随机抽样邮件调查。
一半的医生服用多种维生素 - 矿物质补充剂；其中35.5%的人定期服用。然而，服用除钙之外其他任何补充剂的医生比例≤33%，且定期服用的比例<20%。维生素 - 矿物质补充剂的定期使用率随年龄增长而增加，心脏病高危人群的抗氧化剂摄入量更高。有骨质疏松病史的人定期服用补充钙的可能性几乎是无病史者的3倍。定期服用任何补充剂的人每天摄入的水果和蔬菜也比偶尔服用者或不服用者更多（P < 0.0001）。任何补充剂的定期使用者摄入的脂肪也比偶尔使用者或不使用者少（P < 0.01）。此外，素食者比非素食者更有可能定期服用任何补充剂（59.9% 对比46.3%；P < 0.001），且定期服用任何补充剂的人比偶尔使用者或不使用者更有可能遵循美国预防服务工作组的指南（72.4% 对比66.5% 和60.2%；P < 0.0001）。
女医生，尤其是那些特别注重健康或心脏病或骨质疏松风险较高的女医生，使用补充剂的比例至少与普通女性人群相当。
