Lyamin O I, Manger P R, Mukhametov L M, Siegel J M, Shpak O V
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
J Sleep Res. 2000 Sep;9(3):261-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00212.x.
The behaviour of a female gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) that had been rescued 14 months previously was recorded continuously on a video-recorder for 9 days at 'Sea World' in San Diego. On average, during the first six recording days, active wakefulness accounted for 37.9 +/- 1.7% of each 24 h; transitional stage for 17.4 +/- 1.4% and rest for 41.2 +/- 1.7%. In the rest stage the whale was lying on the bottom of the pool (13.2 +/- 1.7%) or hanging on the surface (28. 0 +/- 1.7%). During the rest stage, it was immobile most of the time and moved only for respiration. In the rest stage both eyes could be open, one eye could be open while the other was closed or, more rarely, both eyes could be closed. Characteristic jerks of the head, neck and sometimes of the whole body were observed in the whale during the rest stage. Most jerks were single and only 10% of all jerks were serial (occurring within 10 s of a prior jerk). Eyelid movements accompanied 40% of jerks. In two episodes, intense jerks followed each other continuously for 3 and 4 s and were accompanied by eyelid movements. These jerks resembled the twitches characteristic of paradoxical sleep in terrestrial mammals. During these episodes the whale was falling slowly onto its side and subsequently started to swim in the pool.
一头14个月前获救的雌性灰鲸（Eschrichtius robustus）的行为，在圣地亚哥的“海洋世界”被录像机连续记录了9天。平均而言，在最初的六个记录日中，活跃清醒状态占每24小时的37.9±1.7%；过渡阶段占17.4±1.4%，休息阶段占41.2±1.7%。在休息阶段，鲸鱼要么躺在水池底部（13.2±1.7%），要么悬在水面（28.0±1.7%）。在休息阶段，它大部分时间一动不动，仅为呼吸而移动。在休息阶段，双眼可能睁开，一只眼睛睁开而另一只眼睛闭合，或者更少见的是，双眼都闭合。在休息阶段观察到鲸鱼头部、颈部有时整个身体有特征性的抽搐。大多数抽搐是单次的，所有抽搐中只有10%是连续的（在前一次抽搐后10秒内发生）。40%的抽搐伴有眼睑运动。在两个时间段里，强烈的抽搐连续出现3秒和4秒，并伴有眼睑运动。这些抽搐类似于陆生哺乳动物异相睡眠的特征性抽搐。在这些时间段里，鲸鱼慢慢向一侧倒下，随后开始在水池中游泳。
