Koenig A L, Cicchetti D, Rogosch F A
Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, NY 14608, USA.
Child Dev. 2000 Jul-Aug;71(4):1018-32. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00206.
Moral development in maltreated and nonmaltreated children was examined by coding child compliance and noncompliance behaviors in a mother-child interaction during a cleanup situation that followed a semistructured free play. Features of child compliance/noncompliance involve a shift from reliance on external controls to internal mechanisms, thereby reflecting child internalization of the maternal agenda. Differences in maltreating versus comparison mothers' use of control strategies (power-assertive and inductive techniques) and their relations to child internalization were examined. Eighty-nine mother-child dyads participated; approximately half of the children (n = 46) had documented histories of maltreatment and the remaining children (n = 43) were nonmaltreated, demographically similar comparison children. Maltreated children were divided into two subgroups: physically abused and neglected. Compared with nonmaltreated children, abused children were found to exhibit less internalization, whereas neglected children displayed significantly more negative affect. No differences were found between groups for the maternal control strategies. However, maltreated and nonmaltreated groups differed in the maternal variables that predicted child internalization. A lower level of maternal negative affect was linked to child internalization in maltreated children, whereas a lower level of maternal joy predicted internalization for the comparison children. The findings suggest that maltreated children exhibit both behavioral and affective differences in their moral development, with differential effects based on the type of maltreatment. The clinical implications for maltreated children's self and moral development are discussed.
在半结构化自由游戏后的清理情境中，通过对母子互动中儿童的顺从和不顺从行为进行编码，研究了受虐待儿童和未受虐待儿童的道德发展。儿童顺从/不顺从的特征包括从依赖外部控制转向内部机制，从而反映出儿童将母亲的议程内化。研究了虐待组与对照组母亲控制策略（强制和诱导技术）的使用差异及其与儿童内化的关系。八十九对母子参与了研究；大约一半的儿童（n = 46）有受虐待的记录，其余儿童（n = 43）是未受虐待的、人口统计学特征相似的对照组儿童。受虐待儿童被分为两个亚组：身体虐待和忽视。与未受虐待的儿童相比，受虐待儿童表现出较少的内化，而被忽视的儿童表现出明显更多的消极情绪。在母亲的控制策略方面，各组之间没有发现差异。然而，虐待组和未受虐待组在预测儿童内化的母亲变量上存在差异。母亲较低水平的消极情绪与受虐待儿童的内化有关，而母亲较低水平的愉悦则预测对照组儿童的内化。研究结果表明，受虐待儿童在道德发展方面表现出行为和情感上的差异，且基于虐待类型有不同的影响。讨论了对受虐待儿童自我和道德发展的临床意义。
