Smetana J G, Toth S L, Cicchetti D, Bruce J, Kane P, Daddis C
Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1999 Jan;35(1):269-81. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.35.1.269.
Maltreated and nonmaltreated preschoolers' (mean age = 4 years 6 months) judgments regarding hypothetical and actual moral transgressions were examined. Thirty-six maltreated children (17 physically abused and 19 neglected) and 19 comparison nonmaltreated children judged, justified, and evaluated affective responses to 6 hypothetical moral transgressions. Perpetrators and victims also judged and evaluated affective responses to actual classroom moral transgressions. All children evaluated moral transgressions as very serious, punishable, and wrong in the absence of rules. Moral judgments and justifications differed as a function of context (hypothetical vs. actual) and type of transgression but not maltreatment status. Affective responses differed as a function of maltreatment subtype and gender. Maltreated and nonmaltreated children may differ in the organization of their affective responses rather than in their moral evaluations.
研究了受虐待和未受虐待的学龄前儿童（平均年龄 = 4岁6个月）对假设性和实际道德违规行为的判断。36名受虐待儿童（17名身体虐待和19名忽视）和19名对照未受虐待儿童对6种假设性道德违规行为的情感反应进行了判断、辩护和评估。犯罪者和受害者也对实际课堂道德违规行为的情感反应进行了判断和评估。所有儿童在没有规则的情况下都将道德违规行为评价为非常严重、应受惩罚和错误的。道德判断和辩护因情境（假设性与实际性）和违规类型而异，但与虐待状况无关。情感反应因虐待亚型和性别而异。受虐待和未受虐待的儿童在情感反应的组织上可能存在差异，而不是在道德评价上。
