Morikawa H, Deguchi Y, Kusaka Y, Takeuchi T, Nakanaga Y, Satake N
School of Nursing, Fukui Medical University.
Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2000 Aug;47(8):647-60.
In order to clarify relationship among physical growth, mental development of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants and child-rearing anxiety of mothers, a follow-up study was accomplished for LBW cases from birth to three years of age in a regional group.
A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted for mothers whose premature infants were born from April 1992 through March 1993 and whose existence was confirmed from April 1995 through March 1996 in Fukui prefecture. A control group was selected from mature infants whose gestation was 37 weeks or more, who were born in the same year and in the same region. The questionnaire was focused on fetal and child growth, as well as child-rearing anxiety.
Of the subjects, while including only 6% very LBW infants, the percentage of full-term LBW infants was 55.3% and that of pre-term LBW infants was 44.7%. In the former group, the mean birth weight (MBW) was 2,319 g, the percentage of females was 63.3%, firstborn children was 59.2%, and light-for-dates (LFD) infants due to intrauterine growth retardation 76.9%. In the latter group, the MBW was 1,983 g, the percentage of females was 52.9%, that of firstborn children was 44.5%, and LFD infants was 14.3%. The growth of the LBW infants through the age of three fell into the same category of growth as the upper portion (1,250-1,499 g) of the very LBW infants rather than that of the mature infants. While the growth of appropriate-for-dates (AFD) infants at full-term were normal, that of LFD infants and pre-term infants was insufficient, and the percentage of those demonstrating catch-up of mature infants was less than 80%. The group of pre-term infants was retarded in the gross motor skills, but not language understanding and pronunciation of two-word sentences. The child-rearing anxiety in mothers who delivered pre-term infants was extremely severe after child birth. As the child grew older, however, the feeling of uneasiness was reduced. Mothers who were delivered of full-term LBW infants did not exhibit any fluctuation in child-rearing anxiety during the first three years.
Fetal size affects growth progress of children. The prognosis of LBW infants is not satisfactory and mothers who deliver full-term LBW infants continue to worry about their child's growth.
为阐明低出生体重（LBW）婴儿的体格生长、智力发育与母亲育儿焦虑之间的关系，对某地区一组出生至3岁的低出生体重病例进行了随访研究。
对1992年4月至1993年3月在福井县出生且于1995年4月至1996年3月期间确认存活的早产儿母亲进行了问卷调查。对照组选自同年同地区出生、孕周37周及以上的足月儿。问卷聚焦于胎儿及儿童生长情况以及育儿焦虑。
在研究对象中，极低出生体重婴儿仅占6%，足月低出生体重婴儿占55.3%，早产低出生体重婴儿占44.7%。在前一组中，平均出生体重（MBW）为2319克，女性占63.3%，头胎占59.2%，因宫内生长迟缓导致的小于胎龄（LFD）婴儿占76.9%。在后一组中，平均出生体重为1983克，女性占52.9%，头胎占44.5%，小于胎龄婴儿占14.3%。低出生体重婴儿至3岁时的生长情况与极低出生体重婴儿较高体重部分（1250 - 1499克）的生长类别相同，而非与足月儿相同。足月适于胎龄（AFD）婴儿的生长正常，小于胎龄婴儿和早产儿的生长则不足，且实现追赶至足月儿生长水平的比例不到80%。早产婴儿组在大运动技能方面发育迟缓，但在语言理解和双词句发音方面没有问题。分娩早产儿的母亲在产后育儿焦虑极为严重。然而，随着孩子长大，不安感会减轻。分娩足月低出生体重婴儿的母亲在头三年中育儿焦虑没有任何波动。
胎儿大小影响儿童的生长进程。低出生体重婴儿的预后不尽人意，分娩足月低出生体重婴儿的母亲仍会持续担心孩子的生长情况。
