Bigel M G, Ellard C G
Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2000 Sep;54(3):172-85. doi: 10.1037/h0087339.
In Experiment 1, participants walked without vision to a target location they had either previously viewed, were led to and from blindfolded, or both viewed and were led to and from blindfolded. A course to the target could be set and held without vision only if prior vision of its location was available. The locomotor group reproduced the heading and distance to the target less accurately than the other groups, which did not differ significantly. However, when nonvisual information accompanied vision of the target location, it served to subtly influence performance. Participants in Experiment 2 estimated the distance of a target they either viewed or were led to blindfolded. When vision was available, men overestimated target distance and women underestimated it. When target distance was learned nonvisually, no sex differences in distance estimations emerged. Our findings suggest that deriving navigation information from nonvisual locomotion is difficult and may be dependent on prior visual information.
在实验1中，参与者在无视觉的情况下走向一个目标位置，该位置他们要么之前看过，要么被蒙着眼睛领着往返过，要么既看过又被蒙着眼睛领着往返过。只有在之前能看到目标位置的情况下，才能在无视觉的情况下设定并找到通往目标的路线。与其他两组没有显著差异相比，运动组再现目标的方向和距离的准确性较低。然而，当非视觉信息伴随着目标位置的视觉信息时，它会对表现产生微妙的影响。实验2中的参与者估计了他们要么看过要么被蒙着眼睛领着到达的一个目标的距离。当有视觉信息时，男性高估目标距离，女性低估目标距离。当通过非视觉方式得知目标距离时，距离估计中未出现性别差异。我们的研究结果表明，从非视觉运动中获取导航信息很困难，并且可能依赖于先前的视觉信息。
