Philbeck J W, Klatzky R L, Behrmann M, Loomis J M, Goodridge J
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2001 Feb;27(1):141-53.
In some navigation tasks, participants are more accurate if they view the environment beforehand. To characterize the benefits associated with visual previews, 32 blindfolded participants were guided along simple paths and asked to walk unassisted to a specified destination (e.g., the origin). Paths were completed without vision, with or without a visual preview of the environment. Previews did not necessarily improve nonvisual navigation. When previewed landmarks stood near the origin or at off-path locations, they provided little benefit; by contrast, when they specified intermediate destinations (thereby increasing the degree of active control), performance was greatly enhanced. The results suggest that the benefit of a visual preview stems from the information it supplies for actively controlled locomotion. Accuracy in reaching the final destination, however, is strongly contingent upon the destination's location during the preview.
在一些导航任务中，如果参与者事先查看环境，他们的表现会更准确。为了描述与视觉预览相关的益处，32名蒙住眼睛的参与者沿着简单路径行走，并被要求在没有协助的情况下步行至指定目的地（例如起点）。路径行走在无视觉的情况下完成，有或没有环境的视觉预览。预览不一定能改善非视觉导航。当预览的地标位于起点附近或偏离路径的位置时，它们提供的益处很少；相比之下，当它们指定中间目的地时（从而增加主动控制的程度），表现会大大提高。结果表明，视觉预览的益处源于它为主动控制的运动提供的信息。然而，到达最终目的地的准确性在很大程度上取决于预览期间目的地的位置。
