Yegdich T
Mental Health Centre, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Australia.
Nurs Inq. 2000 Mar;7(1):29-40. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1800.2000.00050.x.
A perceived contradiction between the tenets of humanism and positivism secures phenomenology's endorsement in nursing as an alternative methodology to the natural sciences. Nursing's humanistic doctrine of valuing the individual is aligned with phenomenology in the belief that both projects investigate the subjective experiences of others. However, the belief that phenomenology opposes objectifying methods does not account for the different understandings of subjectivity that underpin various philosophic positions, such as humanism, phenomenology, hermeneutics and positivism. What is not recognised in nursing inquiry is that the same characteristics which belong to humanism and are subsequently attributed as belonging to phenomenology are grounded, philosophically, in a view that separates the person from her world. But rather than examining the premises on which phenomenology and humanism are based, nurse-phenomenologists have simply yoked them together in a mutual alliance against a common enemy--Cartesian dualism. This paper focuses on Husserl and argues that the conceptual link between nursing as a humanistic discipline and Husserlian phenomenology cannot be sustained on philosophic and methodologic grounds. Far from being mutual allies, the philosophic underpinnings of humanism and Husserlian phenomenology offer two incommensurable views on the nature of subjectivity.
人文主义与实证主义原则之间存在的一种明显矛盾，使得现象学在护理领域获得认可，成为自然科学之外的另一种方法论。护理领域重视个体的人文主义信条与现象学一致，因为二者都认为要探究他人的主观体验。然而，认为现象学反对客观化方法的观点，并未考虑到支撑各种哲学立场（如人文主义、现象学、诠释学和实证主义）的对主观性的不同理解。护理研究中未被认识到的是，那些属于人文主义、进而被归为现象学特征的东西，在哲学层面上是基于一种将人与她的世界分离开来的观点。但护理现象学家不是去审视现象学和人文主义所基于的前提，而只是简单地将它们结成同盟，共同对抗一个共同的敌人——笛卡尔二元论。本文聚焦于胡塞尔，并认为从哲学和方法论角度来看，护理作为一门人文学科与胡塞尔现象学之间的概念联系无法成立。人文主义与胡塞尔现象学的哲学基础远非盟友，它们对主观性的本质提供了两种不可通约的观点。
