Jasper M A
School of Health Studies, University of Portsmouth, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1994 Feb;19(2):309-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01085.x.
Nursing today, with its individualistic approach to care, shares many of its underlying beliefs and values with the school of philosophical thought known as phenomenology. The research method derived from phenomenology considers that the true meaning of phenomena can only be explored through the experience of them as described by the individual. This paper explores the features of phenomenology as a research method in relation to its relevance for nursing by first discussing the philosophical underpinnings of the method, and then proceeding to an examination of the features of the method with relation to research design, and data analysis. The specific issues of validity and generalizability are developed further, with reference to the criticisms levelled at the phenomenological method from the alternative quantitative paradigm. Finally, the author discusses the relevance of phenomenology for nursing, and concludes that, as a research method within the qualitative paradigm, it has a great deal to offer nursing as a humanistic discipline.
当今的护理采用个体化的护理方法，与被称为现象学的哲学思想流派有着许多共同的潜在信念和价值观。源自现象学的研究方法认为，现象的真正意义只能通过个体所描述的对它们的体验来探索。本文通过首先讨论该方法的哲学基础，然后着手考察该方法与研究设计及数据分析相关的特征，来探讨现象学作为一种研究方法与护理的相关性。参考来自替代定量范式对现象学方法的批评，进一步阐述了有效性和可推广性的具体问题。最后，作者讨论了现象学对护理的相关性，并得出结论，作为定性范式内的一种研究方法，它能为作为人文学科的护理提供很多东西。
