Matsuki A
Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University, School of Medicine.
Masui. 2000 Sep;49(9):1038-43.
Among Japanese physicians before the Edo era, Seishu Hanaoka is the most well known even in foreign countries as well as in Japan. His detailed biography is described in a monograph by Shuzo Kure published in 1923 which has been the most important book for the study of Seishu Hanaoka. Hanaoka had worked very hard in various fields as surgeons, educator, poet and community developer. However, his best noted activity was his devotion to the development of oral general anesthetic "Mafutsu-San" or "Tsusen-San". He was the first to succeed in the excision of breast cancer in a 60 year old woman named Kan Aiya under general anesthesia with this agent on Oct 13th, 1804. The details of the case have been known to us, as the manuscript on the case which is believed to be by the hand of Hanaoka is extant in the Tenri Library, Tenri University and the whole manuscripts have been printed in Kure's monograph. For the past twenty years, I have studied carefully the microfilmed manuscript and the printed sentences appeared in Kure's book to find several serious bibliographical errors and dubious points between them. They are as follows. 1) There is no definite proof that the manuscript was transcribed by Seishu Hanaoka himself. This was originally proposed by Shuzo Kure without any rational reasons. 2) There are seven fundamental and unbelievable errors of incorrect use of Chinese characters in the manuscript. These basic errors can not be committed by Hanaoka considering that he was an excellent poet. For these errors Shuzo Kure falsified them to be printed in his book. He even altered Chinese characters in one of the photographs of the manuscript in his book. 3) Shuzo Kure did not exhibit this manuscript at the exhibition on the occasion of 150 anniversary of Seishu Hanaoka's death in Tokyo, supposedly to avoid careful study by other investigators. All above mentioned findings strongly suggest us that the manuscript "Nyugan Chiken Roku" could be transcribed by one of Hanaoka's disciples and not by Hanaoka himself.
在江户时代之前的日本医生中，华冈青洲即使在国外和日本国内都最为知名。他的详细传记在1923年久礼寿三所著的专著中有记载，这本书一直是研究华冈青洲最重要的书籍。青洲在外科医生、教育家、诗人和社区开发者等多个领域都辛勤工作。然而，他最著名的活动是致力于口服全身麻醉剂“麻沸散”或“通仙散”的研发。1804年10月13日，他首次使用这种药剂在全身麻醉下成功为一位名叫菅爱野的60岁女性切除乳腺癌。该病例的详细情况为我们所知，因为据信是青洲亲手书写的病例手稿现存于天理大学天理图书馆，且全部手稿已刊载于久礼的专著中。在过去的二十年里，我仔细研究了缩微胶卷手稿以及久礼书中刊载的文字，发现它们之间存在一些严重的文献学错误和可疑之处。如下所述：1）没有确凿证据表明该手稿是华冈青洲本人抄写的。这最初是久礼寿三提出的，毫无合理依据。2）手稿中存在七个关于汉字使用不当的根本性且令人难以置信的错误。考虑到青洲是一位优秀的诗人，这些基本错误不可能是他犯下的。久礼寿三为了在自己的书中刊载而伪造了这些错误。他甚至在自己书中的一张手稿照片上更改了汉字。3）久礼寿三在东京举行的华冈青洲逝世150周年纪念展览上并未展示这份手稿，大概是为了避免其他研究者的仔细研究。上述所有发现都有力地表明，手稿《乳岩治验录》可能是青洲的一名弟子抄写的，而非青洲本人。
