渗透溶质木糖醇可降低气道表面液体的盐浓度，并可能增强细菌杀灭作用。
The osmolyte xylitol reduces the salt concentration of airway surface liquid and may enhance bacterial killing.
作者信息
Zabner J, Seiler M P, Launspach J L, Karp P H, Kearney W R, Look D C, Smith J J, Welsh M J
机构信息
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Physiology and Biophysics, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Oct 10;97(21):11614-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.97.21.11614.
The thin layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) contains antimicrobial substances that kill the small numbers of bacteria that are constantly being deposited in the lungs. An increase in ASL salt concentration inhibits the activity of airway antimicrobial factors and may partially explain the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF). We tested the hypothesis that an osmolyte with a low transepithelial permeability may lower the ASL salt concentration, thereby enhancing innate immunity. We found that the five-carbon sugar xylitol has a low transepithelial permeability, is poorly metabolized by several bacteria, and can lower the ASL salt concentration in both CF and non-CF airway epithelia in vitro. Furthermore, in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, xylitol sprayed for 4 days into each nostril of normal volunteers significantly decreased the number of nasal coagulase-negative Staphylococcus compared with saline control. Xylitol may be of value in decreasing ASL salt concentration and enhancing the innate antimicrobial defense at the airway surface.
气道表面液体（ASL）的薄层面含有抗菌物质，可杀死不断沉积在肺部的少量细菌。ASL盐浓度的增加会抑制气道抗菌因子的活性，这可能部分解释了囊性纤维化（CF）的发病机制。我们检验了这样一个假设：一种跨上皮通透性低的渗透溶质可能会降低ASL盐浓度，从而增强先天免疫力。我们发现，五碳糖木糖醇具有低跨上皮通透性，几种细菌对其代谢不良，并且在体外可降低CF和非CF气道上皮中的ASL盐浓度。此外，在一项双盲、随机、交叉研究中，与盐水对照相比，向正常志愿者每个鼻孔喷入木糖醇4天可显著减少鼻腔凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的数量。木糖醇在降低ASL盐浓度和增强气道表面的先天抗菌防御方面可能具有价值。
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