Healy O, Barnes-Holmes D, Smeets P M
University College Cork, Ireland/Cabas.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2000 Sep;74(2):207-27. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2000.74-207.
The major aim of the present study was to demonstrate that derived relational responding may be viewed as a form of generalized operant behavior. In Experiment 1, 4 subjects were divided into two conditions (2 in each condition). Using a two-comparison matching-to-sample procedure, all subjects were trained and tested for the formation of two combinatorially entailed relations. Subjects were trained and tested across multiple stimulus sets. Each set was composed of novel stimuli. Both Conditions 1 and 2 involved explicit performance-contingent feedback presented at the end of each block of test trials (i.e., delayed feedback). In Condition 1, feedback was accurate (consistent with the experimenter-designated relations) following exposure to the initial stimulus sets. When subjects' responding reached a predefined mastery criterion, the feedback then switched to inaccurate (not consistent with the experimenter-designated relations) until responding once again reached a predefined criterion. Condition 2 was similar to Condition 1, except that exposure to the initial stimulus sets was followed by inaccurate feedback and once the criterion was reached feedback switched to accurate. Once relational responding emerged and stabilized, response patterns on novel stimulus sets were controlled by the feedback delivered for previous stimulus sets. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1, except that during Conditions 3 and 4 four comparison stimuli were employed during training and testing. Experiment 3 was similar to Condition 1 of Experiment 1, except that after the mastery criterion was reached for class-consistent responding, feedback alternated from accurate to inaccurate across each successive stimulus set. Experiment 4 involved two types of feedback, one type following tests for mutual entailment and the other type following tests for combinatorial entailment. Results from this experiment demonstrated that mutual and combinatorial entailment may be controlled independently by accurate and inaccurate feedback. Overall, the data support the suggestion, made by relational frame theory, that derived relational responding is a form of generalized operant behavior.
本研究的主要目的是证明派生关系反应可被视为一种广义操作性行为。在实验1中，4名受试者被分为两种条件（每种条件2人）。使用双比较匹配样本程序，对所有受试者进行训练和测试，以形成两种组合蕴含关系。受试者在多个刺激集上接受训练和测试。每个刺激集由新的刺激组成。条件1和条件2都涉及在每个测试试验块结束时呈现的明确的基于表现的反馈（即延迟反馈）。在条件1中，在接触初始刺激集后，反馈是准确的（与实验者指定的关系一致）。当受试者的反应达到预定义的掌握标准时，反馈随后切换为不准确的（与实验者指定的关系不一致），直到反应再次达到预定义标准。条件2与条件1相似，不同之处在于接触初始刺激集后是不准确的反馈，一旦达到标准，反馈就切换为准确的。一旦关系反应出现并稳定下来，新刺激集上的反应模式就由先前刺激集所提供的反馈控制。实验2重复了实验1，不同之处在于在条件3和条件4的训练和测试过程中使用了四个比较刺激。实验3与实验1的条件1相似，不同之处在于在达到类别一致反应的掌握标准后，反馈在每个连续的刺激集之间从准确变为不准确。实验4涉及两种类型的反馈，一种是在相互蕴含测试后，另一种是在组合蕴含测试后。该实验的结果表明，相互蕴含和组合蕴含可以分别由准确和不准确的反馈控制。总体而言，数据支持关系框架理论提出的观点，即派生关系反应是一种广义操作性行为。
