Pérez-González L A
Gabinette de Psicología, Oviedo, Spain.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1994 May;61(3):487-503. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1994.61-487.
Four adults were trained, using instructions and a matching-to-sample procedure, to select Stimulus B1 in the presence of Stimulus A1, B2 in the presence of A2, and B3 in the presence of A3 (the AB relations). Analogous PQ relations were trained. Afterwards, one stimulus in Set A and another stimulus in Set B appeared together as a sample, and novel Stimuli X1 and X2 were the comparisons. Responses to X1 were reinforced if the two stimuli in the sample had been related in the previous training (e.g., A1 and B1), and responses to X2 were reinforced if the two samples had not been related (e.g., A1 and B2). These were the ABX relations. In a test in which a stimulus of Set P and another of Set Q were the samples and X1 and X2 were the comparisons, 2 subjects selected X1 when the samples were P1 and Q1, P2 and Q2, and P3 and Q3, and selected X2 in the presence of the other six sample combinations (P1Q2, P1Q3, P2Q1, P2Q3, P3Q1, and P3Q2). Another subject showed the same responding after additional training. In the second experiment, 3 adults and an 11-year-old child were trained on AB, PQ, and ABX relations, and they showed the symmetrical relations BA and QP upon testing. Then all 4 of these subjects responded accurately to the PQX test. Results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed novel, consistent comparison selection based on the previously established relation between the two stimuli in the sample. In a third experiment, 3 of the subjects who had shown PQX relations were trained on EFX relations, with pairs of E and F stimuli as samples and X stimuli as comparisons. When the EF relations were tested, all 3 subjects consistently selected F1 in the presence of E1, F2 in the presence of E2, and F3 in the presence of E3 from the first trial. The results of Experiment 3 showed novel stimulus relations after training with a more complex conditional discrimination format.
对四名成年人进行训练，使用指导语和匹配样本程序，让他们在出现刺激A1时选择刺激B1，在出现A2时选择B2，在出现A3时选择B3（AB关系）。类似地训练PQ关系。之后，集合A中的一个刺激和集合B中的另一个刺激一起作为样本出现，新刺激X1和X2作为比较项。如果样本中的两个刺激在之前的训练中相关（例如，A1和B1），对X1的反应会得到强化；如果两个样本不相关（例如，A1和B2），对X2的反应会得到强化。这些就是ABX关系。在一项测试中，集合P中的一个刺激和集合Q中的另一个刺激作为样本，X1和X2作为比较项，2名受试者在样本为P1和Q1、P2和Q2以及P3和Q3时选择X1，在其他六种样本组合（P1Q2、P1Q3、P2Q1、P2Q3、P3Q1和P3Q2）出现时选择X2。另一名受试者在接受额外训练后也表现出相同的反应。在第二个实验中，3名成年人和一名11岁儿童接受了AB、PQ和ABX关系的训练，他们在测试中表现出了对称关系BA和QP。然后，这4名受试者在PQX测试中都做出了准确反应。实验1和2的结果表明，基于样本中两个刺激之前建立的关系，出现了新颖且一致的比较项选择。在第三个实验中，对表现出PQX关系的3名受试者进行了EFX关系的训练，以E和F刺激对作为样本，X刺激作为比较项。在测试EF关系时，所有3名受试者从第一次试验开始就在出现E1时一致选择F1，在出现E2时选择F2，在出现E3时选择F3。实验3的结果表明，在采用更复杂的条件辨别形式进行训练后出现了新颖的刺激关系。
