Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, California 92507, USA, US.
Environ Manage. 2000 Dec;26(6):589-94. doi: 10.1007/s002670010117.
The estimated cost of repairing damage caused to recreational sites annually is in the hundreds of millions of dollars. These depreciative activities also reduce the quality of visitors' experiences in the damaged areas. Indirect methods, such as visitor education through brochures and signs, continue to be the least controversial management approaches to depreciative acts. Yet, the literature on studies examining the most effective message presentations remains sparse. A survey mailed to randomly selected National Association for Interpretation members assessed the perceived effectiveness of communications that encouraged positive conduct (prescriptive messages) versus those that discouraged negative conduct (proscriptive messages) in wildland and urban settings. Almost invariably, respondents viewed the encouragement-based prescriptive messages as more effective than the discouragement-based proscriptive messages. This finding stands in sharp contrast to an earlier study that discovered a preponderance of proscriptive versus prescriptive messages on signs in both wildland and urban recreational environments. Thus, although the great majority of interpreters see the encouragement of positive conduct as more effective, in practice, messages on signs are much more likely to discourage negative conduct. Reasons for this discrepancy are considered.
每年用于修复娱乐场所损坏的估计费用高达数亿美元。这些破坏性活动还降低了游客在受损地区的体验质量。通过宣传册和标志进行游客教育等间接方法仍然是最具争议性的破坏性行为管理方法。然而，关于研究最有效信息展示的文献仍然很少。一项邮寄给随机选择的国家解说协会成员的调查评估了在野外和城市环境中鼓励积极行为（规定性信息）与劝阻消极行为（禁止性信息）的交流方式的感知效果。几乎无一例外地，受访者认为基于鼓励的规定性信息比基于劝阻的禁止性信息更有效。这一发现与早期的一项研究形成鲜明对比，该研究发现在野外和城市娱乐环境中的标志上，禁止性信息比规定性信息更为普遍。因此，尽管绝大多数解说员认为鼓励积极行为更有效，但实际上，标志上的信息更有可能劝阻消极行为。考虑了造成这种差异的原因。
