Gauderman W J, McConnell R, Gilliland F, London S, Thomas D, Avol E, Vora H, Berhane K, Rappaport E B, Lurmann F, Margolis H G, Peters J
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Oct;162(4 Pt 1):1383-90. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9909096.
Average growth of lung function over a 4-yr period, in three cohorts of southern California children who were in the fourth, seventh, or tenth grade in 1993, was modeled as a function of average exposure to ambient air pollutants. In the fourth-grade cohort, significant deficits in growth of lung function (FEV(1), FVC, maximal midexpiratory flow [MMEF], and FEF(75)) were associated with exposure to particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micrometer (PM(10)), PM(2.5), PM(10)-PM(2.5), NO(2), and inorganic acid vapor (p < 0.05). No significant associations were observed with ozone. The estimated growth rate for children in the most polluted of the communities as compared with the least polluted was predicted to result in a cumulative reduction of 3.4% in FEV(1) and 5.0% in MMEF over the 4-yr study period. The estimated deficits were generally larger for children spending more time outdoors. In the seventh- and tenth-grade cohorts, the estimated pollutant effects were also negative for most lung function measures, but sample sizes were lower in these groups and none achieved statistical significance. The results suggest that significant negative effects on lung function growth in children occur at current ambient concentrations of particles, NO(2), and inorganic acid vapor.
对1993年就读于南加州四年级、七年级或十年级的三组儿童，将其在4年期间肺功能的平均增长情况建模为环境空气污染物平均暴露量的函数。在四年级组中，肺功能增长（第一秒用力呼气容积[FEV(1)]、用力肺活量[FVC]、最大呼气中期流速[MMEF]和75%用力呼气流量[FEF(75)]）的显著不足与暴露于空气动力学直径小于10微米的颗粒物（PM(10)）、细颗粒物（PM(2.5)）、PM(10)-PM(2.5)、二氧化氮（NO(2)）和无机酸蒸汽有关（p<0.05）。未观察到与臭氧有显著关联。预计在4年研究期间，污染最严重社区的儿童与污染最轻社区的儿童相比，其增长速度将导致FEV(1)累计降低3.4%，MMEF累计降低5.0%。对于在户外时间更长的儿童，估计的肺功能不足通常更大。在七年级和十年级组中，对于大多数肺功能指标，估计的污染物影响也为负面，但这些组的样本量较小，均未达到统计学显著性。结果表明，在当前环境浓度的颗粒物、NO(2)和无机酸蒸汽下，儿童肺功能增长会受到显著负面影响。
