Yan Meilin, Gong Jicheng, Duan Xiaoli, He Lingyan, Liu Qin, Lin Weiwei, Cao Suzhen, Wang Meng, Kipen Howard, Kan Haidong, Zhang Junfeng Jim
SKL-ESPC & SEPKL-AERM, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
Environ Health (Wash). 2025 Mar 11;3(6):659-668. doi: 10.1021/envhealth.4c00221. eCollection 2025 Jun 20.
Air quality has improved while the lifestyle of children has changed substantially over the past 2 decades in four Chinese cities. It is unknown how these changes affected the lung function of children. We analyzed data collected in 1995-1996 and 2017-2018. In each period, >2000 children 6-13 years were measured for lung function and surveyed for behavioral, residential, and health conditions. Monitored and modeled data for ambient air pollution were obtained. Age- and covariate-adjusted FVC and FEV values were lower, and the proportions of children with low FVC and FEV were greater in the later period than in the earlier period, while PM, PM, SO, NO , and O levels changed by -42.8 μg/m (95% CI, -67.3, -18.6 mg/m), -65.1 μg/m (-113.5, -16.7 mg/m), -34.6 ppb (-69.2, 0.0 ppb), -27.5 ppb (-60.7, 5.7 ppb), and 1.5 ppb (-4.2, 7.1 ppb), respectively. A 4 ppb O increase was associated with lower FVC by 105 mL (95% CI: 30, 180 mL) in boys and 76 mL (17, 135 mL) in girls. A generational decline in the lung function of children in the 4 Chinese cities has significant public health ramifications. Our findings imply that the reduction of ambient air pollutant concentrations from the 1995-1996 levels to the 2017-2018 levels were not sufficient to make lung function improvements. Risk factors that were absent or not as prominent in the earlier period may be responsible for lowered lung function during the later period.
在过去20年里，中国四个城市的空气质量有所改善，同时儿童的生活方式也发生了巨大变化。目前尚不清楚这些变化如何影响儿童的肺功能。我们分析了1995 - 1996年和2017 - 2018年收集的数据。在每个时间段，对2000多名6 - 13岁的儿童进行了肺功能测量，并对其行为、居住和健康状况进行了调查。获取了环境空气污染的监测和模拟数据。调整年龄和协变量后的用力肺活量（FVC）和第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV）值较低，后期FVC和FEV较低的儿童比例高于早期，而细颗粒物（PM）、可吸入颗粒物（PM）、二氧化硫（SO）、二氧化氮（NO）和臭氧（O）水平分别变化了-42.8微克/立方米（95%置信区间，-67.3，-18.6毫克/立方米）、-65.1微克/立方米（-113.5，-16.7毫克/立方米）、-34.6 ppb（-69.2，0.0 ppb）、-27.5 ppb（-60.7，5.7 ppb）和1.5 ppb（-4.2，7.1 ppb）。臭氧每增加4 ppb，男孩的用力肺活量降低105毫升（95%置信区间：30，180毫升），女孩降低76毫升（17，135毫升）。中国四个城市儿童肺功能的代际下降具有重大的公共卫生影响。我们的研究结果表明，将环境空气污染物浓度从1995 - 1996年的水平降低到2017 - 2018年的水平不足以改善肺功能。早期不存在或不突出的风险因素可能是后期肺功能下降的原因。
