Burns I T, Zimmerman R K
Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
J Fam Pract. 2000 Sep;49(9 Suppl):S7-13; quiz S14.
Before effective vaccines became available, approximately 1 in every 200 children aged younger than 5 years had invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. Hib was the most common cause of bacterial meningitis and other invasive bacterial diseases in this age group. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential for Hib meningitis, because the mortality rate is 2% to 5%, even with antibiotic treatment--usually a third-generation cephalosporin, such as cefotaxime or ceftriaxone. Because of the use of Hib vaccines, the incidence of invasive H. influenzae disease in children younger than 5 years old declined by 97% between 1987 and 1997. Recent data indicate that the conjugate Hib vaccines given in infancy can be used interchangeably.
在有效疫苗问世之前,每200名5岁以下儿童中约有1人患有侵袭性b型流感嗜血杆菌(Hib)疾病。Hib是该年龄组细菌性脑膜炎和其他侵袭性细菌疾病的最常见病因。快速诊断和治疗对于Hib脑膜炎至关重要,因为即使使用抗生素治疗(通常是第三代头孢菌素,如头孢噻肟或头孢曲松),死亡率仍为2%至5%。由于使用了Hib疫苗,1987年至1997年间,5岁以下儿童侵袭性流感嗜血杆菌疾病的发病率下降了97%。最近的数据表明,婴儿期接种的结合型Hib疫苗可以互换使用。