Zimmerman R K
Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261, USA. zimmer+@pitt.edu
J Fam Pract. 2000 Sep;49(9 Suppl):S41-50.
The morbidity and mortality of vaccine-preventable diseases among adults are high, particularly among populations at high risk because of underlying medical conditions. Influenza vaccination is recommended annually, optimally during campaigns held between October and mid-November, for all persons 50 years and older and for younger persons with high-risk conditions. Because of production delays, influenza vaccination campaigns are delayed until November of this year. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination is recommended for healthy persons 65 years and older and younger persons with high-risk conditions. A 3-dose series of adult tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) is recommended for those who have not had a primary series or whose vaccination history is uncertain. Adults who have completed the primary vaccination series should receive a booster dose of Td vaccine every 10 years. Specific strategies for improving the rate of these vaccinations have been developed for medical offices and clinics, hospitals, and other health care institutions, and other settings where there is high risk of vaccine-preventable disease.
成人中疫苗可预防疾病的发病率和死亡率很高，尤其是在因基础疾病而处于高风险的人群中。建议每年为所有50岁及以上人群以及患有高风险疾病的较年轻人群接种流感疫苗，最佳接种时间是在10月至11月中旬开展的活动期间。由于生产延迟，流感疫苗接种活动推迟到今年11月。建议65岁及以上的健康人群以及患有高风险疾病的较年轻人群接种肺炎球菌多糖疫苗。对于未接种过初级系列疫苗或疫苗接种史不确定的人群，建议接种3剂成人破伤风和白喉类毒素（Td）。已完成初级疫苗接种系列的成年人应每10年接种一剂Td疫苗加强针。针对医疗办公室和诊所、医院及其他医疗机构以及存在疫苗可预防疾病高风险的其他场所，已制定了提高这些疫苗接种率的具体策略。
