Lipscomb H J, Dement J M, Gaal J S, Cameron W, McDougall V
Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 2000 Oct;15(10):794-802. doi: 10.1080/10473220050129437.
Administrative data sources were used to describe the work-related injuries of drywall carpenters, to calculate rates of occurrence, and to explore high risk sub-groups. Health insurance eligibility files were used to identify a cohort of active union carpenters affiliated with a union local whose predominant work involved drywall installation in the state of Washington. These files contained the hours worked by each individual for each month between January 1989 and December 1995, providing person-hours at risk as a union carpenter. The Washington Department of Labor and Industries (L&I) provided records of workers' compensation claims filed by these individuals. Over seven years 1773 drywall carpenters filed 2567 workers' compensation claims representing an overall rate of 53.3 per 200,000 hours worked. These claims were filed by 1046 different individuals, or 59.0 percent of the cohort. Claims resulting in paid lost time from work were filed at a rate of 12.5 per 200,000 hours worked (n = 609) by 445 (25.1%) different individuals. The most common mechanisms of injury involved being struck (38.3%), overexertion (28.1%), and falls (13.2%). Struck by injuries most commonly involved cuts to the upper extremity. Overexertion injuries were most commonly described as sprains or strains involving the back. Sheetrock was associated with over 40 percent of these injuries. Falls most commonly involved injuries to the knee followed by the back and multiple injuries. Struck by injuries decreased steadily with increasing age and increasing time in the union. There was a steady increase in the rate of falls with increasing age. Overexertion injuries were responsible for the greatest proportion of costs for medical care, permanent impairment, and paid lost days. The high rates of overexertion injuries among these workers is consistent with known ergonomic stresses on drywall jobs. However, these workers are also at high risk of acute traumatic injuries.
利用行政数据源描述干墙木匠的工伤情况，计算发生率，并探索高风险亚组。通过健康保险资格档案确定了一群隶属于当地工会的在职工会木匠，他们在华盛顿州的主要工作是干墙安装。这些档案包含了1989年1月至1995年12月期间每个月每个人的工作时长，提供了作为工会木匠的风险人时数。华盛顿劳工与工业部（L&I）提供了这些人提交的工伤赔偿申请记录。在七年时间里，1773名干墙木匠提交了2567份工伤赔偿申请，相当于每工作20万小时的总体发生率为53.3起。这些申请由1046名不同的个人提交，占该队列的59.0%。导致带薪误工的申请发生率为每工作20万小时12.5起（n = 609），由445名（25.1%）不同的个人提交。最常见的受伤机制包括被撞击（38.3%）、用力过度（28.1%）和摔倒（13.2%）。被撞击受伤最常见的是上肢割伤。用力过度受伤最常见的描述是涉及背部的扭伤或拉伤。石膏板与这些受伤中的40%以上有关。摔倒最常见的是膝盖受伤，其次是背部受伤和多处受伤。被撞击受伤的发生率随着年龄增长和在工会工作时间的增加而稳步下降。随着年龄增长，摔倒的发生率稳步上升。用力过度受伤在医疗护理、永久性损伤和带薪误工天数的费用中占比最大。这些工人中用力过度受伤的高发生率与干墙工作中已知的人体工程学压力一致。然而，这些工人也面临急性创伤性损伤的高风险。
