Lipscomb Hester J, Li Leiming, Dement John M
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2003 Aug;44(2):148-56. doi: 10.1002/ajim.10255.
Falls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the construction trades.
We identified a cohort of 16,215 active union carpenters, hours worked, and their workers' compensation claims for a 10-year period. The data on this well-defined cohort were used to describe their work-related falls; to define rates of injury and the associated costs; and to identify high-risk groups.
Same level falls occurred at a rate of 1.8/200,000 hours worked; falls from elevations at a rate of 2.3/200,000 hours worked. These injuries resulted in direct payments of 0.30 dollars per hour of work or 2.40 dollars per 8-hr day. Mean costs per fall increased with increasing age. Age was not associated with risk of falls from elevations; younger carpenters had modestly reduced rates of falls from the same level. Rates of falls decreased with increasing time in the union. Carpenters whose usual work involved drywall installation or residential work were at highest risk.
Falls are a significant public health risk for carpenters and they are responsible for a significant burden of work-related injury costs. While there is a need for prevention of falls from elevations--through training, enforcement of fall protection regulations, improved safety climate, or engineering changes--there is also the need to prevent falls from lower elevations. Differences in risk likely reflect varying exposures and safety practices in different areas of carpentry, as well as training, experience, and job assignments based on longevity in the union.
在建筑行业中，跌倒事故是导致发病和死亡的主要原因。
我们确定了一个由16215名在职工会木匠组成的队列，记录了他们10年期间的工作时长及其工伤赔偿申请。利用这个定义明确的队列数据来描述与工作相关的跌倒事故；确定受伤率及相关成本；并识别高危群体。
同一高度跌倒事故发生率为每200000工时1.8起；高处坠落事故发生率为每200000工时2.3起。这些伤害导致每工作小时直接支付0.30美元，或每8小时工作日支付2.40美元。每次跌倒的平均成本随年龄增长而增加。年龄与高处坠落风险无关；年轻木匠同一高度跌倒率略有降低。跌倒率随在工会工作时间的增加而降低。日常工作涉及安装干墙或住宅工作的木匠风险最高。
跌倒对木匠来说是重大的公共卫生风险，且造成了与工作相关的工伤成本的重大负担。虽然需要通过培训、执行防坠落法规、改善安全环境或工程改造来预防高处坠落，但也需要预防较低高度的跌倒。风险差异可能反映了木工不同领域的不同暴露情况和安全做法，以及基于在工会的工作年限的培训、经验和工作分配情况。
