Lancioni G E, O'Reilly M F, Seedhouse P, Furniss F, Cunha B
Department of Psychology, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.
Behav Modif. 2000 Oct;24(5):700-18. doi: 10.1177/0145445500245005.
This study involved two experiments. In Experiment 1, a computer-aided system for promoting task performance by 6 persons with severe developmental disabilities was compared with a card system. The computer-aided system was portable and presented pictorial task instructions (one instruction per step) and prompts. In Experiment 2, the same system was used, but the number of instruction occasions was reduced. In one condition, the system presented all the instructions used in Experiment 1 but mostly in clusters rather than individually. In another, the system presented part of the Experiment 1 instructions. Three Experiment 1 participants also served in Experiment 2. Experiment 1 results indicated all 6 participants had higher percentages of correct steps with the computer system and preferred it to the card system. Experiment 2 results indicated that the condition in which the instructions were clustered was more effective for maintaining correct task performance. Implications of the findings were discussed.
本研究包括两个实验。在实验1中，将一个用于提高6名重度发育障碍患者任务表现的计算机辅助系统与一个卡片系统进行了比较。该计算机辅助系统便于携带，能呈现图片式任务指令（每一步一个指令）和提示。在实验2中，使用了相同的系统，但指令呈现次数减少。在一种情况下，系统呈现了实验1中使用的所有指令，但大多是成组呈现而非单个呈现。在另一种情况下，系统呈现了实验1中的部分指令。3名实验1的参与者也参与了实验2。实验1的结果表明，所有6名参与者在使用计算机系统时正确步骤的百分比更高，且比起卡片系统更喜欢它。实验2的结果表明，指令成组呈现的情况对于维持正确的任务表现更有效。文中讨论了这些研究结果的意义。
