DeSesso J M, Lavin A L, Hsia S M, Mavis R D
Mitretek Systems, McLean, Virginia, USA.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2000 Nov;38(11):1021-41. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00098-3.
Concern regarding hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) carcinogenicity arises from its ability to act as a strong oxidizing agent. In short-term genotoxicity tests, H(2)O(2) has given predominantly positive results; however, these assays have been performed using either bacterial strains engineered to be exquisitely sensitive to oxidant damage, or mammalian cells deficient in antioxidant enzymes. Significantly, the addition of antioxidant protective measures (normally present in vivo) to these assay systems protects against H(2)O(2) genotoxicity. In most whole animal studies, H(2)O(2) exposure neither initiates nor promotes tumors. In mice, however, 0.4% H(2)O(2) in drinking water was reported to induce hyperplastic lesions of the duodenum and to erode areas in the glandular stomach epithelium. Owing to the chemistry of dilute H(2)O(2) solutions and the anatomy/physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, it is unlikely that orally ingested H(2)O(2) reaches the duodenum. Instead, greatly decreased water consumption and the resultant abrasion of the luminal lining on ingestion of pelleted dry rodent chow is the most likely cause of the observed gastric and duodenal lesions following H(2)O(2) administration in drinking water. Significantly, when hamsters received high doses of H(2)O(2) by gastric intubation (and water intake was not affected), the gastric and duodenal epithelia appeared normal. In-depth analysis of the available data supports the conclusion that oral ingestion of H(2)O(2) should not be considered a carcinogenic threat.
关于过氧化氢（H₂O₂）致癌性的担忧源于其作为强氧化剂的能力。在短期遗传毒性试验中，H₂O₂主要给出阳性结果；然而，这些试验是使用对氧化损伤极为敏感的工程细菌菌株或缺乏抗氧化酶的哺乳动物细胞进行的。重要的是，向这些试验系统中添加抗氧化保护措施（通常存在于体内）可防止H₂O₂的遗传毒性。在大多数整体动物研究中，H₂O₂暴露既不会引发肿瘤也不会促进肿瘤发展。然而，据报道，给小鼠饮用含0.4% H₂O₂的水会诱导十二指肠增生性病变，并侵蚀腺胃上皮区域。由于稀H₂O₂溶液的化学性质以及胃肠道的解剖学/生理学特点，口服摄入的H₂O₂不太可能到达十二指肠。相反，在给小鼠饮用含H₂O₂的水后，观察到的胃和十二指肠病变最可能的原因是饮水量大幅减少以及摄入颗粒状干鼠粮导致的管腔内膜磨损。重要的是，当通过胃插管给仓鼠高剂量H₂O₂（且水摄入量不受影响）时，胃和十二指肠上皮看起来正常。对现有数据的深入分析支持这样的结论：口服摄入H₂O₂不应被视为致癌威胁。
