Chepiga T A, Morton M J, Murphy P A, Avalos J T, Bombick B R, Doolittle D J, Borgerding M F, Swauger J E
R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Bowman Gray Technical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27102-1487, USA.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2000 Oct;38(10):949-62. doi: 10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00086-7.
The incorporation of technologies into cigarettes such as filters, filter ventilation, porous cigarette papers, expanded tobacco and reconstituted tobacco sheet has resulted in cigarettes with a wide range of "tar" yields. The objectives of this study were to characterize the US cigarette market according to "tar" category (i.e. full flavor, FF; full flavor low tar, FFLT; or ultra low tar, ULT) and to determine whether the Kentucky reference cigarettes K1R4F and K1R5F are representative of FFLT and ULT cigarettes, respectively. As a means of characterization and comparison, the mainstream smoke from a representative sample of commercially available cigarettes from each market segment and the K1R4F and K1R5F Kentucky reference cigarettes was analyzed for the presence and level of 18 selected chemical constituents. In addition, a measure of the mutagenic activity of the mainstream smoke condensate from these cigarettes was determined using an Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay. All cigarettes were smoked according to US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) guidelines. Results indicated that, overall, mainstream smoke constituent levels are well predicted by FTC "tar" yield--constituent levels increased as "tar" delivery increased. Based on the selected analytes measured in mainstream smoke, the K1R4F reference cigarette was generally representative of the FFLT segment of the US cigarette market. The K1R5F reference cigarette was representative of the ULT segment of the US cigarette market for cigarettes with "tar" deliveries approximate to it. In terms of mutagenic activity, a direct relationship was also demonstrated on a per cigarette basis-revertants per cigarette increased with increasing "tar" delivery. There was a weak tendency (R-square = 0.12, P = 0.08) for specific activity (revertants/mg "tar") to increase with decreasing "tar" yield-lower "tar" products had a slightly higher specific activity. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed when the specific activities of the condensates from the K1R4F and K1R5F reference cigarettes were compared to the market segments that they were designed to represent, FFLT and ULT, respectively. Overall, these results support the use of the K1R4F and the K1R5F as acceptable reference cigarettes for comparative mutagenicity and smoke chemistry studies of cigarettes available on the US market.
将过滤嘴、过滤嘴通风、多孔卷烟纸、膨胀烟草和重组烟草薄片等技术应用于卷烟，已产生了“焦油”产量范围广泛的卷烟。本研究的目的是根据“焦油”类别（即全味型、FF；全味型低焦油、FFLT；或超低焦油、ULT）对美国卷烟市场进行特征描述，并确定肯塔基参考卷烟K1R4F和K1R5F是否分别代表FFLT和ULT卷烟。作为特征描述和比较的一种手段，对来自每个市场细分的市售卷烟代表性样本以及K1R4F和K1R5F肯塔基参考卷烟的主流烟气进行了18种选定化学成分的存在情况和含量水平分析。此外，使用艾姆斯沙门氏菌致突变性试验测定了这些卷烟主流烟气冷凝物的致突变活性。所有卷烟均按照美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）指南进行抽吸。结果表明，总体而言，FTC“焦油”产量能很好地预测主流烟气成分水平——随着“焦油”释放量增加，成分水平升高。基于在主流烟气中测量的选定分析物，K1R4F参考卷烟通常代表美国卷烟市场的FFLT细分市场。对于“焦油”释放量与之相近的卷烟，K1R5F参考卷烟代表美国卷烟市场的ULT细分市场。就致突变活性而言，每支卷烟的基础上也显示出直接关系——每支卷烟的回复突变体数量随“焦油”释放量增加而增加。特定活性（回复突变体/毫克“焦油”）有随“焦油”产量降低而增加的微弱趋势（决定系数 = 0.12，P = 0.08）——“焦油”含量较低的产品特定活性略高。当将K1R4F和K1R5F参考卷烟冷凝物的特定活性分别与它们旨在代表的市场细分FFLT和ULT进行比较时，未观察到显著差异（P > 0.05）。总体而言，这些结果支持将K1R4F和K1R5F用作美国市场上现有卷烟比较致突变性和烟气化学研究的可接受参考卷烟。
