Schwartz J
Department of Physiology, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Endocr Rev. 2000 Oct;21(5):488-513. doi: 10.1210/edrv.21.5.0408.
In addition to hypothalamic and feedback inputs, the secretory cells of the anterior pituitary are influenced by the activity of factors secreted within the gland. The list of putative intrapituitary factors has been expanding steadily over the past decade, although until recently much of the work was limited to descriptions of potential interactions. This took the form of evidence of production within the pituitary of factors already known to influence activity of secretory cells, or further descriptions of actions on pituitary cells by such factors when added exogenously. A new phase of discovery has been entered, with extensive efforts being made to delineate the control of the synthesis and secretion of the pituitary factors within the gland, regulation of the receptors and response mechanisms for the factors in pituitary cells, and measurements of the endogenous actions of the factors through the use of specific immunoneutralization, receptor blockade, tissue from transgenic animals, and other means. Taken together, these findings are producing blueprints of the intrapituitary interactions that influence each of the individual types of secretory cells, leading toward an understanding of the physiological significance of the interactions. The purpose of this article is to review the recent literature on many of the factors acting as intrapituitary signals and to present such finding in the context of the physiology of the secretory cells.
除了下丘脑和反馈输入外，腺垂体的分泌细胞还受到腺体内分泌因子活性的影响。在过去十年中，假定的垂体内部因子的清单一直在稳步增加，尽管直到最近，许多工作还仅限于对潜在相互作用的描述。其形式包括已被证明能影响分泌细胞活性的因子在垂体内产生的证据，或者这些因子在体外添加时对垂体细胞作用的进一步描述。目前已进入一个新的发现阶段，人们正在广泛努力阐明腺体内垂体因子合成和分泌的控制机制、垂体细胞中这些因子的受体调节和反应机制，以及通过使用特异性免疫中和、受体阻断、转基因动物组织等方法来测量这些因子的内源性作用。综合起来，这些发现正在绘制影响每种分泌细胞类型的垂体内相互作用的蓝图，从而有助于理解这些相互作用的生理意义。本文的目的是回顾最近关于许多作为垂体内部信号的因子的文献，并在分泌细胞生理学的背景下呈现这些发现。
