Schneider T, Cherrie J W, Vermeulen R, Kromhout H
National Institute of Occupational Health, Lerso Parkalle 105, DK 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ann Occup Hyg. 2000 Oct;44(7):493-9.
Assessing dermal exposure is a complex task. Even the most commonly used methods face fundamental problems and there are large gaps in the documentation and validation of sampling methods. Still larger uncertainties exist regarding strategies for measurement. We propose a strategy based on a conceptual model and which draws on the considerable insight gained for airborne contaminants, including EN 689 for assessing exposure by inhalation. The vast amount of air sampling data has provided good insight into the statistical properties of short-term and long-term exposure levels, which is essential for designing cost-effective exposure studies. For surface and skin contaminants an understanding of the distribution types and parameter values is only beginning to emerge. Transport rates away from the skin contaminant layer determine the 'memory' of a dermal sample and measurement principles are proposed depending on these rates. It is argued that uptake is the ultimate dermal exposure metric for risk assessment and should be the basis for devising dermal occupational exposure limits.
评估皮肤暴露是一项复杂的任务。即使是最常用的方法也面临着基本问题，并且在采样方法的记录和验证方面存在很大差距。在测量策略方面存在更大的不确定性。我们提出了一种基于概念模型的策略，该策略借鉴了在空气传播污染物方面获得的大量见解，包括用于评估吸入暴露的EN 689。大量的空气采样数据为短期和长期暴露水平的统计特性提供了很好的见解，这对于设计具有成本效益的暴露研究至关重要。对于表面和皮肤污染物，对分布类型和参数值的理解才刚刚开始出现。从皮肤污染物层的迁移速率决定了皮肤样本的“记忆”，并根据这些速率提出了测量原则。有人认为，吸收是风险评估中最终的皮肤暴露指标，应该是制定皮肤职业暴露限值的基础。
