Terpstra C, de Smit A J
Department of Mammalian Virology, Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-DLO), PO Box 65, NL-8200 AB, Lelystad, Netherlands.
Vet Microbiol. 2000 Nov 15;77(1-2):3-15. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00252-2.
The 1997/1998 epizootic of classical swine fever (CSF) in an area with high pig density in the Netherlands is described. The epizootic, which numbered 429 outbreaks, was controlled and finally eradicated after 14 months without resorting to vaccination. A further almost 1300 herds (1.1 million pigs) at close proximity of confirmed outbreaks were preventively culled because of the risk of having been infected. The pros and cons of this so-called "pre-emptive slaughter" are discussed. The long-lasting movement restrictions caused severe overcrowding especially in breeding farms. For reasons of animal welfare 6.5 million weaners and adult pigs had to be killed and destroyed, whereas another 2.6 million 3-17 days old piglets were euthanised to save long-term destruction capacity. The presumed routes of infection and factors influencing the epizootic are explained, as well as the various methods to bring the epizootic to a halt. The strategy for detecting outbreaks in an early stage, and the type of samples to be collected for laboratory diagnosis are emphasised from the general point of application. The direct costs of the epizootic, losses of exports not included, are estimated at US$ 2 billion.
本文描述了1997/1998年荷兰生猪高密度养殖地区发生的经典猪瘟（CSF） epizootic疫情。该疫情共发生429起疫情，在未进行疫苗接种的情况下，经过14个月的防控最终得以根除。由于存在感染风险，在确诊疫情附近的另外近1300个猪群（110万头猪）被预防性扑杀。讨论了这种所谓“先发制人屠宰”的利弊。长期的移动限制导致了严重的过度拥挤，尤其是在种猪场。出于动物福利的考虑，650万头断奶仔猪和成年猪不得不被宰杀销毁，而另外260万头3至17日龄的仔猪被安乐死，以节省长期的销毁能力。解释了推测的感染途径和影响疫情的因素，以及控制疫情的各种方法。从一般应用角度强调了早期发现疫情的策略以及用于实验室诊断的样本类型。此次疫情的直接成本（不包括出口损失）估计为20亿美元。
