Stromer R, McComas J J, Rehfeldt R A
Psychological Sciences Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Waltham, Massachusetts 02452, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2000 Fall;33(3):359-71. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2000.33-359.
The search for robust and durable interventions in everyday situations typically involves the use of delayed reinforcers, sometimes delivered well after a target behavior occurs. Integrating the findings from laboratory research on delayed reinforcement can contribute to the design and analysis of those applied interventions. As illustrations, we examine articles from the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior that analyzed delayed reinforcement with respect to response allocation (A. M. Williams & Lattal, 1999), stimulus chaining (B. A. Williams, 1999), and self-control (Jackson & Hackenberg, 1996). These studies help to clarify the conditions under which delayed reinforcement (a) exercises control of behavior, (b) entails conditioned reinforcement, and (c) displaces the effects of immediate reinforcement. The research has applied implications, including the development of positive social behavior and teaching people to make adaptive choices.
delayed reinforcement, response allocation, stimulus chains, self-control, integration of basic and applied research
在日常情境中寻找稳健且持久的干预措施通常涉及使用延迟强化物，有时在目标行为出现很久之后才给予。整合实验室关于延迟强化的研究结果有助于那些应用干预措施的设计与分析。作为例证，我们研读了《行为实验分析杂志》上的文章，这些文章分析了延迟强化在反应分配（A. M. 威廉姆斯和拉塔尔，1999年）、刺激链（B. A. 威廉姆斯，1999年）和自我控制（杰克逊和哈肯伯格，1996年）方面的情况。这些研究有助于阐明延迟强化在何种条件下（a）对行为施加控制，（b）涉及条件强化，以及（c）取代即时强化的效果。该研究具有应用意义，包括积极社会行为的发展以及教导人们做出适应性选择。
延迟强化、反应分配、刺激链、自我控制、基础研究与应用研究的整合
