Graybiel A M, Canales J J, Capper-Loup C
Dept of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 2000 Oct;23(10 Suppl):S71-7. doi: 10.1016/s1471-1931(00)00027-6.
The basal ganglia are thought to modulate the release or inhibition of movements by way of direct and indirect pathways that act as a push-pull system of cortico-basal ganglia circuits. Here we suggest a three-pathway model of the basal ganglia that takes into consideration the fundamental division of the striatum into striosomes and extrastriosomal matrix. We suggest that, in addition to the balance between direct and indirect pathways on which normal release of individual movements depends, the balance of activity between these matrix-based pathways and the striosomal pathway regulates the frequency of release of given behavioral sequences and, thus, modulates behavioral focus. Differential plasticity in these compartmentally organized circuits might contribute to the development of L-dopa-induced dyskinesias under parkinsonian conditions and dopamine-receptor-agonist induced stereotypies under normal conditions.
基底神经节被认为通过直接和间接通路来调节运动的释放或抑制，这两条通路构成了皮质-基底神经节回路的推挽系统。在此，我们提出了一种基底神经节的三通路模型，该模型考虑了纹状体基本划分为纹状体小体和纹状体基质。我们认为，除了个体运动的正常释放所依赖的直接和间接通路之间的平衡外，这些基于基质的通路与纹状体小体通路之间的活动平衡还调节特定行为序列的释放频率，从而调节行为焦点。这些分区组织的回路中的差异可塑性可能有助于帕金森病条件下左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍的发展以及正常条件下多巴胺受体激动剂诱导的刻板行为的发展。
